SCAN_32-01

32-01 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

32-02 COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Stand-off Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Spectroscopy
Document ID:
20080026362
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Shimizu, Naofumi (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp.) Furuta, Tomofumi (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp.) Kado, Yuichi (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp.) Kohjiro, Satoshi Suizu, Koji Komiyama, Susumu
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 143-148
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We launched into a development of a new stand-off gas sensing system that can detect 8 hazardous gases in disaster areas utilizing terahertz technology. This paper gives the outline of the system under development. The latest results of our research on terahertz transmitter and receiver are also presented. Terahertz electromagnetic wave, Remote, Stand-off sensing, Spectroscopy, Hazardous gas, Absorption line
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Assessment of Federal and Non-Federal Land Mobile Radio Frequency Assignment Methodologies
Document ID:
20080029330
Report #:
PB2007-112711, NTIA-RPT-07-447
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A04 No Copyright
Author(s):
Joiner, B. Paul, A. Cai, K. Drocella, E. F.
Published:
20070501
Source:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (Washington, DC United States)
Pages:
53
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
This report describes how the current frequency assignment process influences spectrum efficiency in the federal land mobile radio frequency bands. In light of the increasing demands for land mobile radio communications, federal spectrum managers must use frequency assignment methods that accurately represent interference to and from systems in the environment to ensure that spectrum is used efficiently. The results of this report will be used to support the implementation of an interference-based frequency assignment process that will improve spectrum efficiency. Standardizing the interference analysis methodologies used in identifying interference-free frequencies in the land mobile radio bands will also improve the overall effectiveness of the federal agencies in performing their missions. This report is one of a series of studies being performed by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration to develop techniques for evaluating and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of federal spectrum use in response to the President's Spectrum Policy Initiative. The results of these studies will be considered as a whole in setting future policies to improve federal spectrum efficiency.
Language:
English

32-03 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
GaAs-based Quantum Cascade Lasers
Document ID:
20080026374
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Sekine, Norihiko (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Hosako, Iwao (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 9-18
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have different structures and characteristics from those of conventional semiconductor lasers commonly used ina the optical communication systems. Therefore, QCLs make it possible for us to access wavelengths which couldn't be available in conventional lasers. In particular, terahertz QCLs (THz-QCLs) have been paid much attention due to their potential applications in various fields, such as biosensing, imaging, and security. In this paper, we report GaAs-based THz-QCLs. The peak output power of about 30 mW was obtained in a pulsed operation at low temperature. The maximum operating temperature above 120 K was achieved.
Language:
Japanese

32-04 TELEMETRY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

32-05 RADIO NOISE
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

32-06 COMMUNICATION THEORY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-01 RADAR EQUIPMENT
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Role of Lidar Technology in Future NASA Space Missions
Document ID:
20080026269
Report #:
Paper-1076-K04-01
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080026269
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A02 No Copyright
Author(s):
Amzajerdian, Farzin (NASA Langley Research Center)
Published:
20080324
Source:
NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, VA, United States)
Pages:
7
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The past success of lidar instruments in space combined with potentials of laser remote sensing techniques in improving measurements traditionally performed by other instrument technologies and in enabling new measurements have expanded the role of lidar technology in future NASA missions. Compared with passive optical and active radar/microwave instruments, lidar systems produce substantially more accurate and precise data without reliance on natural light sources and with much greater spatial resolution. NASA pursues lidar technology not only as science instruments, providing atmospherics and surface topography data of Earth and other solar system bodies, but also as viable guidance and navigation sensors for space vehicles. This paper summarizes the current NASA lidar missions and describes the lidar systems being considered for deployment in space in the near future.
Language:
English
Notes:
Material Research Society (MRS) 2008 Spring Meet San Francisco, CA 24-28 Mar. 2008

33-02 SEMICONDUCTORS AND TRANSISTORS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Development of Remote Imaging Technologies at Terahertz Frequency
Document ID:
20080026369
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Oda, Naoki Komiyama, Susumu
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 137-141
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Terahertz (THz) radiation, 1-10 THz, has shown promise for security imaging application. For this application, real-time imaging technology will be highly desirable, which requires two-dimensional array sensor. The author pas succeeded in detecting 3.1 THz radiation from Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) for the first time in Japan, using vanadium oxide (VOx) microbolometer focal plane array (FPA) of 320 X 240 with 23.5 y m pitch. Noise Equivalent Power of FPA at 3.1 THz is measured to be 200-400 pW. The success in THz detection and further improvement in sensitivity will provide VO(x) microbolometer FPA with new applications.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Position and Prospect of Research and Developments for the Terahertz Technology in National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
Document ID:
20080026373
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Hosako, Iwao (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 3-8
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Active research and development are now progressing on the application of electromagnetic waves known as terahertz waves. Universities, national research institutions, venture companies, and even major corporations are now beginning research and development in this area. Many examples demonstrate the usefulness of sensing and imaging with terahertz waves in various aspects of industry and society. Discussions have also begun on new high-bit-rate ultra-short-distance wireless technology that takes advantage of the ultra-high-frequency characteristics of terahertz waves. At this stage we cannot even imagine the eventual number and kinds of terahertz applications that will emerge. According to the March 2005 "Terahertz Technology Trend Report" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the "Terahertz Technologies, R&D, Commercial Implication and Market Forecast" of Fuji-Keizai USA Inc. issued in August 2007, the question is not whether the market for terahertz technology will increase-it inevitably will-but by how much. Given this background, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) launched its "Terahertz Project" in April 2006. The Terahertz Project aims to develop fundamental terahertz technologies at the national level for expanding applications in diverse fields. These fundamental technologies include those incorporated in small high-performance devices and measurement systems and high-precision light sources, as well as those required in the construction of an atmospheric propagation model, the construction of spectral databases of materials, and the standardization of measurement procedures. This special issue reports on the achievements obtained to date in independent research and development conducted directly by NICT (including semiconductor device technology, system technology, databases, and atmospheric propagation) as well as in contract research undertaken by external organizations. In this discussion, we indicate the direction in which each project is heading, in view of the important benchmarks in the future development of terahertz technology.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Terahertz Frontside-Illuminated Quantum Well Photodetector
Document ID:
20080026376
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Patrashin, Mikhail (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Hosako, Iwao (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 25-30
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We have demonstrated the operation of a frontside-illuminated GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well photodetector based on intersubband absorption in a quantum well (QW) with a targeted peak frequency of 3 THz. A multiple quantum well structure consists of 20 periods of 18 nm QWs interleaved by 80 nm barriers with an Al alloy content of 2 %. We measured the following performance characteristics: dark current, responsivity, and spectral response. A responsivity of 13 mA/W at an electric bias of 40 mV and an operating temperature of 3 K was obtained with a peak response close to the designed detection frequency. The dark current density was a few (mu)A/sq cm and was limited by thermally assisted tunneling through the barriers. We looked also at possible designs to optimize the device's performance.
Language:
Japanese

33-03 ANTENNAS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-04 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-05 CIRCUITRY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Development of Epitaxial NbN THz Mixers
Document ID:
20080026366
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Kawakami, Akira (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Takeda, Masanori (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Wang, Zhen (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 117-128
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We have developed fabrication processes for epitaxial Nbn/MgO/NbN trilayers. The surface resistance of the epitaxial Nbn films was estimated to be approximately 2.6-25 m(Omega) at 0.1-0.8 THz./ We also have succeeded to fabricate epitaxial NbN/MgO/NbN Josephson tunnel junctions with good tunneling characteristics. The fully epitaxial SIS mixers showed low-noise properties over the Nb gap frequency and the DSB receiver noise was 260 k at 795 GHz. We also report a new structure and the new process of HEB mixers that uses fluoride radical etching to improve both durability and reproducibility. The receiver noise temperature of the HEB mixer was evaluated and it was about 615 K at 780 GHz.
Language:
Japanese

33-06 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-07 AMPLIFIERS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-08 FEEDBACK AND CONTROL THEORY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-09 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

33-10 MICROELECTRONICS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Broadband Millimeter Wave Imaging System
Document ID:
20080026371
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Mizuno, Maya (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 45-50
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We developed a system for imaging the dielectric properties of materials in the millimeter f range from 30 GHz to 70 GHz. It can observe the distribution of dielectric properties of materials Y including composites at various frequencies. Experimental results proved that the system clearly observes metal distribution at 35, 45, 55 and 65 GHz, by transmission imaging as well as by 3 reflection imaging. One of the important features in practice is its ability to distinguish water and ' ice in other materials. The new imaging system can used to evaluate distribution of dielectric III properties of materials in various fields such as engineering and medicine.
Language:
Japanese

33-11 MICROWAVE AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVE TECHNOLOGY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1
Document ID:
20080026359
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
161
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Topics covered include: Position and Prospect of Research and Developments for the Terahertz Technology in National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT); GaAs-based Quantum Cascade Lasers; GaSb Quantum Cascade Laser; Terahertz Frontside-Illuminated Quantum Well Photodetector; Broadband Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopic System; High-Repetition TDS System; Broadband Millimeter Wave Imaging System; Construction of Open Terahertz Spectral Database; Terahertz Spectroscopy for Non-Invasive Analysis of Cultural Properties; Atmospheric Propagation Model of Terahertz-Wave; Introduction to Terahertz-Wave Remote Sensing; Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder Onboard International Space Station I: Calibration Processing; Super-Conductive Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder Onboard International Space Station II: Algorithm Development of for the Data Processing; MATRAS (Model for Atmospheric TeraHertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation); The MATRAS Scattering Module; Development of Epitaxial NbN THz Mixers; Terahertz Remote-Sensing of the Venusian Atmosphere: Observations using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array; Development of Remote Imaging Technologies at Terahertz Frequency; and Stand-off Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Spectroscopy.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Super-Conductive Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder Onboard International Space Station II: Algorithm Development of for the Data Processing
Document ID:
20080026360
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Kasai, Yasuko (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Ochiai, Satoshi (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 81-92
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We have developed the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder gLJ (SMILES) planned to onboard International Space Station (ISS) from 1998 in NICT on the collaboration with JAXA. The purpose of the JEMISMILES instrument is "super sensitive observation" of the minor constituent in the Earth's atmosphere, such as ClO(x), HO(x), water vapor and ice cloud. We described the algorithm development to obtain the molecular abundance in the atmosphere from the SMILES spectrum and its data simulation system.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Terahertz Remote-Sensing of the Venusian Atmosphere: Observations using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array
Document ID:
20080026363
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Sagawa, Hideo (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 129-136
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Venusian spectra at the terahertz region are characteristic of several rotational absorption lines of minor constituents superposed on a continuum of the atmospheric thermal emission. The intensity of the continuum emission varies from 700 to 200 K with increasing the observing frequency from radio to terahertz region, which enables us to observe the Venusian atmosphere in a wide vertical range: from the surface to the cloud top. The rotational lines provide us effective tools not just to retrieve the vertical and horizontal distribution of minor constituents but also to measure the wind velocity via Doppler-shift of the line center frequency. In this paper, the results of the aperture synthesis observations of Venus with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array are presented.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder Onboard International Space Station I: Calibration Processing
Document ID:
20080026365
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Ochiai, Satoshi (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Nishibori, Toshiyuki Ozeki, Hiroyuki Kikichi, Ken'ichi Manabe, Takeshi
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 69-79
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-Emission Sounder, SMILES, to be aboard the International Space Station has the ability to observe vertical profiles of atmospheric minor constituents by receiving limb-emission spectra from the atmosphere with its high sensitivity and precision in the 625- and 650-GHz bands. In this paper, we describe the outline of the calibration algorithm on limb-emission spectra observed by the SMILES.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
MATRAS (Model for Atmospheric TeraHertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation)
Document ID:
20080026372
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Baron, Philippe (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Mendrok, Jana (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Kasai, Yasuko (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Ochiai, Satoshi (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Seta, Takamasa (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Sagi, Kazutoshi Suzuki, Kodai Sagawa, Hideo Urban, Joachim
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 93-105
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We describe the current status of the Model for Atmospheric TeraHertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation (MATRAS) that is being developed in the framework of the NICT THz project. This code aims to be used for studying the insterest of the THz frequency region for atmospheric remote sensing, communication systems and estimate the impact of the THz thermal atmospheric emission in the Earth energy budget. This paper presents the first stage of the model development that concerns a non scattering and a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere, e.g., the geophysical parameters are only altitude dependent. A scattering module is being developed but it is presented in an other paper in this issue. The model is based on the Microwave Observation and Lines Estimation and REtrieval code (MOLIERE). The absorption coefficient module has been modified in order to extend the frequency coverage from the submillimeter wavelength to the near InfraRed region. A new radiative transfer module has been implemented that can handle the different types of optical paths and any location for the receiver. MATRAS includes the original MOLIERE instrument simulator and retrieval codes. The validation methodology is discussed and some examples of the current applications are given. The next steps of the development are presented in the conclusion including the modelling of the horizontal inhomogeneties in the atmosphere. We describe the current status of the Model for Atmospheric TeraHertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation (MATRAS) that is being developed in the framework of the NICT THz project. This code aims to be used for studying the insterest of the THz frequency region for atmospheric remote sensing, communication systems and estimate the impact of the THz thermal atmospheric emission in the Earth energy budget. This paper presents the first stage of the model development that concerns a non scattering and a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere, e.g., the geophysical parameters are only altitude dependent. A scattering module is being developed but it is presented in an other paper in this issue. The model is based on the Microwave Observation and Llnes Estimation and REtrieval code (MOLIERE). The absorption coefficient module has been modified in order to extend the frequency coverage from the submillimeter wavelength to the near InfraRed region. A new radiative transfer module has been implemented that can handle the different types of optical paths and any location for the receiver. MATRAS includes the original MOLIERE instrument simulator and retrieval codes. The validation methodology is discussed and some examples of the current applications are given. The next steps of the development are presented in the conclusion including the modelling of the horizontal inhomogeneties in the atmosphere.
Language:
Japanese

33-12 MAGNETISM
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Terahertz Spectroscopy for Non-Invasive Analysis of Cultural Properties
Document ID:
20080026364
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Shimizu, Naofumi (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp.) Furuta, Tomofumi (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp.) Kohjiro, Satoshi Suizu, Koji Kado, Yuichi (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp.) Komiyama, Susumu (Tokyo Univ.)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 143-148
Published:
20080301
Source:
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp. (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The scientific analysis of materials used in art objects can determine the period in which the objects were created, how they were kept for centuries, and how they had been restored. Terahertz spectroscopy (500 to 20/cm, or 0.6 to 15 THz), on the other hand, the motions of 47 entire molecules or inter-molecules contribute to the spectra, and can distinguish pigments and binders non-invasively. NICT collected more than 200 spectra of art materials, and most of 53 pigments have specific absorption peaks in terahertz region. Some of the spectra were indicated as THz false colours to show experimental results as a painting with material information.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Introduction to Terahertz-Wave Remote Sensing
Document ID:
20080026370
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Kasai, Yasuko (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 65-67
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
There have been only a few technique with THz technology for atmospheric remote sensing observations. The development of the observation technique is quite difficult in this frequency region, because THz region is technically the boundary area between the electronics and the opto-photonics. However, recently, THz technology has made tremendous progress. In NICT, we are developing the THz remote sensing on the powerful collaboration with device development research center.
Language:
Japanese

34-01 BOUNDARY LAYER TECHNOLOGY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

34-03 FLUIDICS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

34-04 FLUID FLOW
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

34-05 COMBUSTION PHYSICS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

34-06 HEAT TRANSFER, BASIC
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Thermoregulation
Document ID:
20080029258
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A02 Copyright
Author(s):
Tipton, M. J. (Portsmouth Univ.)
Journal:
Survival at Sea for Mariners, Aviators and Search and Rescue Personnel, Page: 2-1 - 2-6
Published:
20080201
Source:
Portsmouth Univ. (Portsmouth, United Kingdom)
Pages:
6
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Humans belong to a group of animals called "homeotherms". To ensure optimal physiological function and survival, these animals must regulate their deep body temperature within a narrow range despite large changes in environmental temperatures. To do this their heat loss and heat production must be balanced; if it does not they will become hyperthermic (hot) or hypothermic (cold), with consequences that range from mild impairment of performance to death. The equation which describes heat balance is: M-(W) = R +/-C+/-K-E where: M = metabolic rate. W = measurable external work. R = heat exchange to and from (+/-) the environment by radiation (R). C = heat exchange to and from (+/-) the environment by convection. K = heat exchange to and from (+/-) the environment by conduction. E = heat loss (-) to the environment by evaporation. The unit for each term is generally quoted as watts per square metre of body surface area (W.m-2). a) M(Metabolism). The chemical reactions of the body liberate energy during metabolism. The biggest cause of variation in energy expenditure is exercise. About 75% of the chemical energy used during muscular contraction is converted to heat. b) R(Radiation). All objects possessing heat emit thermal radiation from their surfaces in the form of a wave of energy containing particles within the red-infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The energy from these particles are absorbed by, and transferred to, the atoms of objects they come into contact with. No medium is required for the transfer, thus, radiation is the process by which the energy of the sun travels through the vacuum of space to reach earth. c) C(Convection). In a naked person standing in cool air (below skin temperature), air molecules coming in contact with the body will be warmed, the density of the warmed air is reduced causing it to rise and be replaced with cooler air. This process is called "natural (or free) convection". Convective heat exchange is increased by: air (wind) or water (current) movement across the skin (this is called "forced convection"); or the movement of the body in air or water ("relative wind speed/water current"). The exchange of heat between a body and its environment through convection depends on the temperature gradient between the two and the relative movement of the fluid (air or water) in which the body is placed. d) K(Conduction). This term is used to describe heat exchange between the skin and surrounding surfaces with which it touches. Usually the amount of heat exchanged in this way is small and is dependent upon: a) The temperature gradient between the skin and the surface with which it is in contact; b) The surface area in contact; and c) The thermal conductivity (ease with which heat moves through a substance) of the surface in contact with the skin. e) E(Evaporation). Evaporation is the process by which energy transforms liquid into a gas. Thus, evaporative heat exchange only occurs when fluid evaporates from the surface of an object. The heat required to drive this process is removed from that surface and it is cooled. This is termed the "latent heat of vaporization", for water it amounts to 576 kcal.L-1 (2,408 kJ.L-1). The rate of evaporation depends on: a) The skin surface area that is wet; b) The air movement around the body (wind or body movement); and c) The difference between the vapour pressure at the skin surface and that in the air.
Language:
English

34-07 REENTRY HEAT TRANSFER
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

34-08 THERMAL PROTECTION
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Application of Polyurethane Foam for Impact Absorption and Thermal Insulation for Radioactive Materials Packagings
Document ID:
20080026314
Report #:
DE2007-913133, WSRC-STI-2007-00444
Sales Agency:
Department of Energy Information Bridge No Copyright
Author(s):
Smith, A. C. Abramczyk, G. A. Bellamy, J. S. Blanton, P. S. Daugherty, W. L.
Published:
20070101
Source:
Westinghouse Savannah River Co. (Aiken, SC, United States)
Pages:
8
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Polyurethane foam has been widely used as an impact absorbing and thermal insulating material for large radioactive materials packages, since the 1980s. With the adoption of the regulatory crush test requirement, for smaller packages, polyurethane foam has been adopted as a replacement for cane fiberboard, because of its ability to withstand the crush test. Polyurethane foam is an engineered material whose composition is much more closely controlled than that of cane fiberboard. In addition, the properties of the foam can be controlled by controlling the density of the foam. The conditions under which the foam is formed, whether confined or unconfined have an affect on foam properties. The study reported here reviewed the application of polyurethane foam in RAM packagings and compared property values reported in the literature with published property values and test results for foam specimens taken from a prototype 9977 packaging. The study confirmed that, polyurethane foam behaves in a predictable and consistent manner and fully satisfies the functional requirements for impact absorption and thermal insulation.
Language:
English

Title:
Immersion Suits: Their Development
Document ID:
20080029263
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A03 Copyright
Author(s):
Brooks, C. J. (Survival Systems Ltd.)
Journal:
Survival at Sea for Mariners, Aviators and Search and Rescue Personnel, Page: 9C-1 - 9C-14
Published:
20080201
Source:
Survival Systems Ltd. (Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada)
Pages:
14
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
For an extensive review of this immersion suit topic, please refer to Brooks Survival in Cold Waters Staying Alive. [5] It is quite astonishing that over the centuries, thousands of humans have drowned in cold water. It is only in the last 50 years that anyone has taken this death toll seriously. Death was attributed to drowning from an inability to stay afloat and attributed to vague terms, such as exposure. This is because death at sea was, and to some degree still is taken for granted. According to the International Labour Organization, Fishermen experience 24,000 deaths each year. They simply consider it as an occupational hazard and fate [20]. Until post-Second World War, any attempt at protection was to float the person in rather than out of the water. Since biblical times, there was a vague understanding of the dangers of cold water immersion, but little positive action was taken by Maritime Nations. As stated above, loss of life at sea was accepted as fate and an occupational hazard. Wrecking was not made illegal until 1807 and the Royal Navy s use of impressment was not abandoned until 1815. Thus, such items as lifejackets and immersion suits, which could be used to aid escape from impressments were not encouraged. Little specific design of immersion suits was conducted until the middle of the 19th Century. The only work on survival equipment had been the pioneering work of Captain John Ross Ward. He developed a life jacket in 1851 for the National Lifeboat Institution [21]. Then in 1869, Captain Stoner invented a patent life saving apparatus, which was revolutionary for the time and addressed all the fundamental modern day requirements of a survival suit; they were all designed and integrated together. It included a waterproof suit, a lifejacket, head protection, a signaling device and paddles for aiding passage through the water. In 1912, no one paid attention to the observations by Lawrence Beesley [3]. He was a survivor from the Titanic who noted that the victims wearing lifebelts and in cold, but calm water had died of cold. The official cause of death was given as drowning. The International Maritime Organization Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Committee was formed directly as a result of this accident, but no thought was given to personal thermal protection. Everyone was obsessed with floating in and not out of the water. At the outbreak of the Second World War little serious research had been conducted on lifejackets, the behavior of an unconscious person in water and virtually nothing on survival suits.
Language:
English

34-09 ABLATION
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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34-10 CRYOGENICS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Non-Freezing Cold Injuries
Document ID:
20080029266
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
Tipton, M. J. (Portsmouth Univ.)
Journal:
Survival at Sea for Mariners, Aviators and Search and Rescue Personnel, Page: 4-1 - 4-4
Published:
20080201
Source:
Portsmouth Univ. (Portsmouth, United Kingdom)
Pages:
4
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Human tissue freezes at around -0.55 C and depending on the rate of freezing intracellular crystals may form (rapid cooling) causing direct mechanical disruption of the tissues. The more common slow cooling and freezing results in predominantly extracellular water crystallisation that increases plasma and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure. The resulting osmotic outflow of intracellular fluid raises intracellular osmotic pressure and can cause damage to capillary walls. This, along with the local reduction in plasma volume, causes oedema, reduced local blood flow and encourages capillary sludging. These changes can produce thrombosis and a gangrenous extremity. The risk of frostbite is low above air temperatures of -7 C, irrespective of wind speed, and becomes pronounced when ambient temperature is below -25 C, even at low wind speeds. NFCI is the term given to describe a condition that results from protracted exposure to low ambient thermal conditions, but in which freezing of tissues does not occur. Immobility, posture, dehydration, low fitness, inadequate nutrition, constricting footwear, fatigue, stress or anxiety, concurrent illness or injury can all increase the likelihood of NFCI. The precise pathophysiology NFCI is poorly understood; the injury appears to be to the neuro-endotheliomuscular components of the walls of local blood vessels. Opinions vary as to whether the primary damage is vascular or neural in origin; or, whether the aetiology is primarily thermal, ischaemic, post-ischaemic reperfusion, or hypoxic in origin. The chronic sequelae of mild to moderate cold injury are: "cold sensitivity" (protracted cold vasoconstriction following a cold stimulus) and hyperhidrosis (local increased sweating), both of which accentuate local cooling and thus increase future risk of cold injury.
Language:
English

35-01 PHOTOGRAPHY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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35-02 INFRARED TECHNOLOGY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

35-03 INSTRUMENT STANDARDS AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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35-04 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

35-05 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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35-06 DISPLAY SYSTEMS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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35-07 DATA RECORDING
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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35-08 GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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36-01 LASERS AND MASERS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Broadband Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopic System
Document ID:
20080026361
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Saito, Shingo (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology) Sakai, Kiyomi (National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology)
Journal:
Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Volume 54, No. 1, Page: 31-36
Published:
20080301
Source:
National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology (Tokyo, Japan)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
It is accepted now that the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has many advantages over the traditional spectroscopy. But one weak point is that the frequency range which the THz-TDS covers has been limited to less than several THz. In order to extend this limitation to higher frequencies, we have developed a broadband THz-TDS system based on our series of researches. The system consists of a ML Ti:Sapphire ultra short pulse laser as an excitation light source and photoconductive antennas as terahertz radiation<mitter and detector. The system is designed so as to cover 0.1 -15 THz and the spectrometer is enclosed in a vacuum-tight box, which is purged with nitrogen gas. It has a revolving sample stage and it can be controlled automatically.
Language:
Japanese

Title:
Fast Laser Excitation and Ultrahigh Strain-Rate Deformation. Annual Scientific Report April 1, 2006 - March 31, 2007
Document ID:
20080029293
Report #:
DE2007-908218
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Averback, R.
Published:
20070101
Source:
Illinois Univ. (Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States)
Pages:
6
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Phase evolution induced by single or repeated excitation with energetic femtosecond laser pulses is examined. Of primary interest is the solidification behavior of pure metals at deep undercoolings and self-organization in simple eutectic alloys. Time resolved measurements using third harmonic generation (THG) of light and ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) are employed to elucidate several issues related to fast laser excitation, including heat transport by ballistic and diffusional electrons through multilayer films, the dependence of crystallization velocities on materials properties, mechanisms controlling the transport of heat away from the crystal-liquid interface, and the possibility for quenching pure metals, such as Cu, Ni, and Fe, into the amorphous state. Special samples designed to maximize the quenching speed are developed. The properties of such pure metallic glasses, such as glass and crystallization temperatures, will be measured, if such samples are successfully produced. The measurements are complemented by molecular dynamics computer simulations of the solidification process. The second interest of this research is mesoscopic, self-organization of materials under repeated laser melting, with diffusional relaxation between pulses. We select binary alloys that are immiscible in the solid state but miscible in the liquid state, such as Ag-Cu. Femtosecond laser irradiation is employed to induce melting and to vary the melting time over a wide range, from a few ps to hundreds of ps. This enables us to perform critical experimental tests of key theoretical predictions self-organization in alloys under external forcing, in particular the existence of a threshold value of the forced mixing length for patterning to take place.
Language:
English

36-02 LASER APPLICATIONS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

37-01 BEARINGS AND GEARS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-02 LUBRICATION AND LUBRICANTS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-03 MACHINING
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-04 FRICTION AND WEAR
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-05 SEALS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-06 WELDING
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe from China. Investigation Nos. 701-TA-447 and 731-TA-1116 (Preliminary)
Document ID:
20080029354
Report #:
PB2007-113256, USITC/PUB-3938
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A09 No Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Published:
20070701
Source:
International Trade Commission (Washington, DC United States)
Pages:
192
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
On June 7, 2007, a petition was filed with the Commission and Commerce by Allied Tube & Conduit, Harvey, IL; IPSCO Tubulars, Inc., Camanche, IA; Northwest Pipe Co., Portland, OR; Sharon Tube Co., Sharon, PA; Western Tube & Conduit Corp., Long Beach, CA; Wheatland Tube Co., Collingswood, NJ; and the United Steelworkers, Pittsburgh, PA, alleging that an industry in the United States is materially injured and threatened with material injury by reason of subsidized and LTFV imports of circular welded carbon-quality steel pipe from China. Accordingly, effective June 7, 2007, the Commission instituted countervailing duty investigation No. 701-TA-447 (Preliminary) and antidumping duty investigation No. 731-TA-1116 (Preliminary). Notice of the institution of the Commission's investigations and of a public conference to be held in connection therewith was given by posting copies of the notice in the Office of the Secretary, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, and by publishing the notice in the Federal Register of June 14, 2007 (72 FR 32862). The conference was held in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2007, and all persons who requested the opportunity were permitted to appear in person or by counsel.
Language:
English

37-07 METAL FORMING
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-08 PUMPS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-09 VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

37-10 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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37-11 TURBOMACHINERY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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38-01 QUALITY CONTROL AND RELIABILITY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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39-01 SHELLS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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39-02 STRESSES AND LOADS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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39-03 STRUCTURE VIBRATION AND DAMPING
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Landing Assist Apparatus with Offset Landing Probe
Document ID:
20080026309
Report #:
PB2007-110527
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A03 No Copyright
Author(s):
Muylaert, N. W. Tebon, D. Lahaie, R. E. Lindsay, W. E.
Published:
20070603
Source:
Coburn (Thompson) LLP (Saint Louis, MO, United States)
Pages:
35
Contract #:
DMH23-99-C-0111
Abstract:
An aircraft landing assist apparatus is designed to be retrofit to existing aircraft having internal constructions that have been modified to support the apparatus. The apparatus is designed so that on rough landings of the aircraft on a ship deck, the apparatus will collapse in a controlled manner to avoid any damage to ammunition and/or fuel storage areas of the aircraft.
Language:
English

39-04 IMPACT PHENOMENA
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

39-05 STRUCTURAL FATIGUE
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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39-06 SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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39-07 STRESS ANALYSIS
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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39-08 STRUCTURAL TESTS AND RELIABILITY
Aug 17, 2008 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

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