SCAN_43-01

43-01 EARTH RESOURCES
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

43-02 GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
The Photogrammetry Cube
Document ID:
20090022216
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Journal:
John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report, Page: 58-59
Published:
20080303
Source:
NASA Kennedy Space Center (Cocoa Beach, FL, United States) ASRC Aerospace Corp. (United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We can determine distances between objects and points of interest in 3-D space to a useful degree of accuracy from a set of camera images by using multiple camera views and reference targets in the camera s field of view (FOV). The core of the software processing is based on the previously developed foreign-object debris vision trajectory software (see KSC Research and Technology 2004 Annual Report, pp. 2 5). The current version of this photogrammetry software includes the ability to calculate distances between any specified point pairs, the ability to process any number of reference targets and any number of camera images, user-friendly editing features, including zoom in/out, translate, and load/unload, routines to help mark reference points with a Find function, while comparing them with the reference point database file, and a comprehensive output report in HTML format. In this system, scene reference targets are replaced by a photogrammetry cube whose exterior surface contains multiple predetermined precision 2-D targets. Precise measurement of the cube s 2-D targets during the fabrication phase eliminates the need for measuring 3-D coordinates of reference target positions in the camera's FOV, using for example a survey theodolite or a Faroarm. Placing the 2-D targets on the cube s surface required the development of precise machining methods. In response, 2-D targets were embedded into the surface of the cube and then painted black for high contrast. A 12-inch collapsible cube was developed for room-size scenes. A 3-inch, solid, stainless-steel photogrammetry cube was also fabricated for photogrammetry analysis of small objects.
Language:
English

Title:
Hail Size Distribution Mapping
Document ID:
20090022237
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Journal:
John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report, Page: 52-53
Published:
20080303
Source:
NASA Kennedy Space Center (Cocoa Beach, FL, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
A 3-D weather radar visualization software program was developed and implemented as part of an experimental Launch Pad 39 Hail Monitor System. 3DRadPlot, a radar plotting program, is one of several software modules that form building blocks of the hail data processing and analysis system (the complete software processing system under development). The spatial and temporal mapping algorithms were originally developed through research at the University of Central Florida, funded by NASA s Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), where the goal was to merge National Weather Service (NWS) Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) volume reflectivity data with drop size distribution data acquired from a cluster of raindrop disdrometers. In this current work, we adapted these algorithms to process data from a cluster of hail disdrometers positioned around Launch Pads 39A or 39B, along with the corresponding NWS radar data. Radar data from all NWS NEXRAD sites is archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). That data can be readily accessed at <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov /nexradin/>. 3DRadPlot plots Level III reflectivity data at four scan elevations (this software is available at Open Channel Software, <http://www.openchannelfoundation.org/projects/3DRadPlot>). By using spatial and temporal interpolation/extrapolation based on hydrometeor fall dynamics, we can merge the hail disdrometer array data coupled with local Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler (WSR-88D) radial velocity and reflectivity data into a 4-D (3-D space and time) picture of hail size distributions. Hail flux maps can then be generated and used for damage prediction and assessment over specific surfaces corresponding to structures within the disdrometer array volume. Immediately following a hail storm, specific damage areas and degree of damage can be identified for inspection crews.
Language:
English

44-01 ENERGY RESOURCES
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Compatibility of Segments of Thermoelectric Generators
Document ID:
20090022338
Report #:
NPO-30798
Available Online:
http://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/5292
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
Snyder, G. Jeffrey (California Inst. of Tech.) Ursell, Tristan (California Inst. of Tech.)
Journal:
NASA Tech Briefs, June 2009, Page: 27-28
Published:
20090601
Source:
California Inst. of Tech. (Pasadena, CA, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
A method of calculating (usually for the purpose of maximizing) the power-conversion efficiency of a segmented thermoelectric generator is based on equations derived from the fundamental equations of thermoelectricity. Because it is directly traceable to first principles, the method provides physical explanations in addition to predictions of phenomena involved in segmentation. In comparison with the finite-element method used heretofore to predict (without being able to explain) the behavior of a segmented thermoelectric generator, this method is much simpler to implement in practice: in particular, the efficiency of a segmented thermoelectric generator can be estimated by evaluating equations using only hand-held calculator with this method. In addition, the method provides for determination of cascading ratios. The concept of cascading is illustrated in the figure and the definition of the cascading ratio is defined in the figure caption. An important aspect of the method is its approach to the issue of compatibility among segments, in combination with introduction of the concept of compatibility within a segment. Prior approaches involved the use of only averaged material properties. Two materials in direct contact could be examined for compatibility with each other, but there was no general framework for analysis of compatibility. The present method establishes such a framework. The mathematical derivation of the method begins with the definition of reduced efficiency of a thermoelectric generator as the ratio between (1) its thermal-to-electric power-conversion efficiency and (2) its Carnot efficiency (the maximum efficiency theoretically attainable, given its hot- and cold-side temperatures). The derivation involves calculation of the reduced efficiency of a model thermoelectric generator for which the hot-side temperature is only infinitesimally greater than the cold-side temperature. The derivation includes consideration of the ratio (u) between the electric current and heat-conduction power and leads to the concept of compatibility factor (s) for a given thermoelectric material, defined as the value of u that maximizes the reduced efficiency of the aforementioned model thermoelectric generator.
Language:
English

Title:
Single Longitudinal Mode, High Repetition Rate, Q-switched Ho:YLF Laser for Remote Sensing
Document ID:
20090022381
Report #:
LF99-8155
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Bai, Yingxin (Science Systems and Applications, Inc.) Yu, Jirong (NASA Langley Research Center) Petzar, Paul (National Inst. of Aerospace) Petros, M. (Science and Technology Corp.) Chen, Songsheng (Science Systems and Applications, Inc.) Trieu, Bo (NASA Langley Research Center) Lee, Nyung (National Inst. of Aerospace) Singh, U. (NASA Langley Research Center)
Published:
20090531
Source:
NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, VA, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Ho:YLF/LuLiF lasers have specific applications for remote sensing such as wind-speed measurement and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration measurement in the atmosphere because the operating wavelength (around 2 m) is located in the eye-safe range and can be tuned to the characteristic lines of CO2 absorption and there is strong backward scattering signal from aerosol (Mie scattering). Experimentally, a diode pumped Ho:Tm:YLF laser has been successfully used as the transmitter of coherent differential absorption lidar for the measurement of with a repetition rate of 5 Hz and pulse energy of 75 mJ [1]. For highly precise CO2 measurements with coherent detection technique, a laser with high repetition rate is required to averaging out the speckle effect [2]. In addition, laser efficiency is critically important for the air/space borne lidar applications, because of the limited power supply. A diode pumped Ho:Tm:YLF laser is difficult to efficiently operate in high repetition rate due to the large heat loading and up-conversion. However, a Tm:fiber laser pumped Ho:YLF laser with low heat loading can be operated at high repetition rates efficiently [3]. No matter whether wind-speed or carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration measurement is the goal, a Ho:YLF/LuLiF laser as the transmitter should operate in a single longitudinal mode. Injection seeding is a valid technique for a Q-switched laser to obtain single longitudinal mode operation. In this paper, we will report the new results for a single longitudinal mode, high repetition rate, Q-switched Ho:YLF laser. In order to avoid spectral hole burning and make injection seeding easier, a four mirror ring cavity is designed for single longitudinal mode, high repetition rate Q-switched Ho:YLF laser. The ramp-fire technique is chosen for injection seeding.
Language:
English
Notes:
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/IQEC 09) Baltimore, MD 31 May - 5 Jun. 2009

44-02 FUEL CELLS AND CHEMICAL BATTERIES
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Chemochromic Hydrogen Leak Detectors
Document ID:
20090022337
Report #:
KSC-13088
Available Online:
http://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/5291
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
Roberson, Luke (NASA Kennedy Space Center) Captain, Janine (NASA Kennedy Space Center) Williams, Martha (NASA Kennedy Space Center) Smith, Trent (NASA Kennedy Space Center) Tate, LaNetra (NASA Kennedy Space Center) Raissi, Ali (Florida Solar Energy Center) Mohajeri, Nahid (Florida Solar Energy Center) Muradov, Nazim (Florida Solar Energy Center) Bokerman, Gary (Florida Solar Energy Center)
Journal:
NASA Tech Briefs, June 2009, Page: 27
Published:
20090601
Source:
NASA Kennedy Space Center (Cocoa Beach, FL, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
At NASA, hydrogen safety is a key concern for space shuttle processing. Leaks of any level must be quickly recognized and addressed due to hydrogen s lower explosion limit. Chemo - chromic devices have been developed to detect hydrogen gas in several embodiments. Because hydrogen is odorless and colorless and poses an explosion hazard, there is an emerging need for sensors to quickly and accurately detect low levels of leaking hydrogen in fuel cells and other advanced energy- generating systems in which hydrogen is used as fuel. The device incorporates a chemo - chromic pigment into a base polymer. The article can reversibly or irreversibly change color upon exposure to hydrogen. The irreversible pigment changes color from a light beige to a dark gray. The sensitivity of the pigment can be tailored to its application by altering its exposure to gas through the incorporation of one or more additives or polymer matrix. Furthermore, through the incorporation of insulating additives, the chemochromic sensor can operate at cryogenic temperatures as low as 78 K. A chemochromic detector of this type can be manufactured into any feasible polymer part including injection molded plastic parts, fiber-spun textiles, or extruded tapes. The detectors are simple, inexpensive, portable, and do not require an external power source. The chemochromic detectors were installed and removed easily at the KSC launch pad without need for special expertise. These detectors may require an external monitor such as the human eye, camera, or electronic detector; however, they could be left in place, unmonitored, and examined later for color change to determine whether there had been exposure to hydrogen. In one type of envisioned application, chemochromic detectors would be fabricated as outer layers (e.g., casings or coatings) on high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and other components of hydrogen-handling systems to provide visible indications of hydrogen leaks caused by fatigue failures or other failures in those systems. In another type of envisioned application, chemochromic detectors of this type could be optoelectronically instrumented for monitoring to provide measured digital indications of color changes indicative of the presence of hydrogen.
Language:
English

44-03 SOLAR SPACE POWER
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

44-04 NUCLEAR AUXILIARY POWER
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

45-01 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

46-01 UPPER EARTH ATMOSPHERE
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Validation of TIMED/SABER (The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) v1.07 Ozone at 9.6 Micrometers in Altitude Range 15-70 km
Document ID:
20090022134
Report #:
LF99-8195
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Rong, P. P. (Hampton Univ.) Russell, J. M., III (Hampton Univ.) Mlynczak, M. G. (NASA Langley Research Center) Remsberg, E. E. (NASA Langley Research Center) Marshall, B. T. (G and A Technical Software, Inc.) Gordley, L. L. (G and A Technical Software, Inc.) Lopez-Puertas, M. (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia)
Published:
20080101
Source:
NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, VA, United States)
Pages:
75
Contract #:
NAG5-11409
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Language:
English
Notes:
To be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, volume 114, February 2009

46-02 GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and Mn-Cr Ages of Yamato 74013
Document ID:
20090022115
Report #:
JSC-CN-18407
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
Nyquist, L. E. (NASA Johnson Space Center) Shih, C.- Y. (Jacobs Sverdrup Technology, Inc.) Reese, Y.D. (Muniz Engineering, Inc.)
Published:
20090603
Source:
NASA Johnson Space Center (Houston, TX, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Yamato 74013 is one of 29 paired diogenites having granoblastic textures. The Ar-39 - Ar-40 age of Y-74097 is approximately 1100 Ma. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd analyses of Y-74013, -74037, -74097, and -74136 suggested that multiple young metamorphic events disturbed their isotopic systems. Masuda et al. reported that REE abundances were heterogeneous even within the same sample (Y-74010) for sample sizes less than approximately 2 g. Both they and Nyquist et al. reported data for some samples showing significant LREE enrichment. In addition to its granoblastic texture, Y-74013 is characterized by large, isolated clots of chromite up to 5 mm in diameter. Takeda et al. suggested that these diogenites originally represented a single or very small number of coarse orthopyroxene crystals that were recrystallized by shock processes. They further suggested that initial crystallization may have occurred very early within the deep crust of the HED parent body. Here we report the chronology of Y-74013 as recorded in chronometers based on long-lived Rb-87 and Sm-147, intermediate- lived Sm-146, and short-lived Mn-53.
Language:
English
Notes:
32nd Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites Tokyo 3 - 4 Jun. 2009

Title:
The Evolution and Development of the Lunar Regolith and Implications for Lunar Surface Operations and Construction
Document ID:
20090022120
Report #:
JSC-CN-18408
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
McKay, David (NASA Johnson Space Center)
Published:
20090611
Source:
NASA Johnson Space Center (Houston, TX, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The lunar regolith consists of about 90% submillimeter particles traditionally termed lunar soil. The remainder consists of larger particles ranging up to boulder size rocks. At the lower size end, soil particles in the 10s of nanometer sizes are present in all soil samples. Lunar regolith overlies bedrock which consists of either lava flows in mare regions or impact-produced megaregolith in highland regions. Lunar regolith has been produced over billions of years by a combination of breaking and communition of bedrock by meteorite bombardment coupled with a variety of complex space weathering processes including solar wind implantation, solar flare and cosmic ray bombardment with attendant radiation damage, melting, vaporization, and vapor condensation driven by impact, and gardening and turnover of the resultant soil. Lunar regolith is poorly sorted compared to most terrestrial soils, and has interesting engineering properties including strong grain adhesion, over-compacted soil density, an abundance of agglutinates with sharp corners, and a variety of properties related to soil maturity. The NASA program has supported a variety of engineering test research projects, the production of bricks by solar or microwave sintering, the production of concrete, the in situ sintering and glazing of regolith by microwave, and the extraction of useful resources such as oxygen, hydrogen, iron, aluminum, silicon and other products. Future requirements for a lunar surface base or outpost will include construction of protective berms, construction of paved roadways, construction of shelters, movement and emplacement of regolith for radiation shielding and thermal control, and extraction of useful products. One early need is for light weight but powerful digging, trenching, and regolith-moving equipment.
Language:
English
Notes:
International Distinguished Scholars Symposia on Seven Future Technologies: Extreme Engineering Seoul 11 Jun. 2009

Title:
Device Acquires and Retains Rock or Ice Samples
Document ID:
20090022336
Report #:
NPO-46293
Available Online:
http://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/5281
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
Giersch, Louis R. (California Inst. of Tech.) Backes, Paul G. (California Inst. of Tech.)
Journal:
NASA Tech Briefs, June 2009, Page: 19-20
Published:
20090601
Source:
California Inst. of Tech. (Pasadena, CA, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The Rock Baller is a sample acquisition tool that improves sample retention. The basic elements of the Rock Baller are the tool rotation axis, the hub, the two jaws, and the cutting blades, which are located on each of the jaws. The entire device rotates about the tool rotation axis, which is aligned parallel to the nominal normal direction of the parent rock surface. Both jaws also rotate about the jaw axis, which is perpendicular to the tool rotation axis, at a rate much slower than the rotation about the tool rotation axis. This movement gradually closes the jaws into a nearly continuous hemispherical shell that encloses the sample as it is cut from the parent rock. When required the jaws are opened to release the sample. The hemispherical cutting method eliminates the sample retention problems associated with existing sample acquisition methods that employ conventional cylindrical cutting. The resulting samples are hemispherical, or nearly hemispherical, and as a result the aspect ratio (sample depth relative to sample radius) is essentially fixed. This fixed sample aspect ratio may be considered a drawback of the Rock Baller method, as samples with a higher aspect ratio (more depth, less width) may be considered more scientifically valuable because such samples would allow for a broader inspection of the geological record. This aspect ratio issue can be ameliorated if the Rock Baller is paired with a device similar to the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) used on the Mars Exploration Rovers. The RAT could be used to first grind into the surface of the parent rock, after which the Rock Baller would extract a sample from a depth inside the rock that would not have been possible without first using the RAT. Other potential applications for this technology include medical applications such as the removal of tissue samples or tumors from the body, particularly during endoscopic, laparoscopic, or thoracoscopic surgeries.
Language:
English

Title:
JPL Greenland Moulin Exploration Probe
Document ID:
20090022341
Report #:
NPO-45464
Available Online:
http://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/5293
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
Behar, Alberto (California Inst. of Tech.) Zlotnicki, Victor (California Inst. of Tech.) Wang, Huan (Stanford Research Inst.) Karlsson, Henrik (Angstrom Devices, Inc.) Steffen, Konrad (Colorado Univ.) Huff, Russell (Colorado Univ.)
Journal:
NASA Tech Briefs, June 2009, Page: 29
Published:
20090601
Source:
California Inst. of Tech. (Pasadena, CA, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
A probe was designed to investigate drainage channels ice-hydrology
Language:
English

46-03 GEOMAGNETISM
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report - Extended Summary
Document ID:
20090022175
Report #:
None
Available Online:
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12643
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Published:
20090101
Source:
Space Studies Board (Washington, DC, United States)
Pages:
33
Contract #:
NNH06CE15B
Abstract:
The effects of space weather on modern technological systems are well documented in both the technical literature and popular accounts. Most often cited perhaps is the collapse within 90 seconds of northeastern Canada's Hydro-Quebec power grid during the great geomagnetic storm of March 1989, which left millions of people without electricity for up to 9 hours. This event exemplifies the dramatic impact that severe space weather can have on a technology upon which modern society critically depends. Nearly two decades have passed since the March 1989 event. During that time, awareness of the risks of severe space weather has increased among the affected industries, mitigation strategies have been developed, new sources of data have become available, new models of the space environment have been created, and a national space weather infrastructure has evolved to provide data, alerts, and forecasts to an increasing number of users. Now, 20 years later and approaching a new interval of increased solar activity, how well equipped are we to manage the effects of space weather? Have recent technological developments made our critical technologies more or less vulnerable? How well do we understand the broader societal and economic impacts of severe space weather events? Are our institutions prepared to cope with the effects of a 'space weather Katrina,' a rare, but according to the historical record, not inconceivable eventuality? On May 22 and 23, 2008, a one-and-a-half-day workshop held in Washington, D.C., under the auspices of the National Research Council's (NRC's) Space Studies Board brought together representatives of industry, the federal government, and the social science community to explore these and related questions. The key themes, ideas, and insights that emerged during the presentations and discussions are summarized in 'Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report' (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008), which was prepared by the Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: A Workshop. The present document is an expanded summary of that report.
Language:
English

47-01 METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

47-02 WEATHER FORECASTING
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Winter QPF Sensitivities to Snow Parameterizations and Comparisons to NASA CloudSat Observations
Document ID:
20090022313
Report #:
M09-0265, M09-0266
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A02 Copyright
Author(s):
Molthan, Andrew (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Haynes, John M. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Jedlovec, Gary J. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Lapenta, William M. (National Weather Service)
Published:
20090115
Source:
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (Huntsville, AL, United States)
Pages:
7
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Steady increases in computing power have allowed for numerical weather prediction models to be initialized and run at high spatial resolution, permitting a transition from larger scale parameterizations of the effects of clouds and precipitation to the simulation of specific microphysical processes and hydrometeor size distributions. Although still relatively coarse in comparison to true cloud resolving models, these high resolution forecasts (on the order of 4 km or less) have demonstrated value in the prediction of severe storm mode and evolution and are being explored for use in winter weather events . Several single-moment bulk water microphysics schemes are available within the latest release of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model suite, including the NASA Goddard Cumulus Ensemble, which incorporate some assumptions in the size distribution of a small number of hydrometeor classes in order to predict their evolution, advection and precipitation within the forecast domain. Although many of these schemes produce similar forecasts of events on the synoptic scale, there are often significant details regarding precipitation and cloud cover, as well as the distribution of water mass among the constituent hydrometeor classes. Unfortunately, validating data for cloud resolving model simulations are sparse. Field campaigns require in-cloud measurements of hydrometeors from aircraft in coordination with extensive and coincident ground based measurements. Radar remote sensing is utilized to detect the spatial coverage and structure of precipitation. Here, two radar systems characterize the structure of winter precipitation for comparison to equivalent features within a forecast model: a 3 GHz, Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) based in Omaha, Nebraska, and the 94 GHz NASA CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar, a spaceborne instrument and member of the afternoon or "A-Train" of polar orbiting satellites tasked with cataloguing global cloud characteristics. Each system provides a unique perspective. The WSR-88D operates in a surveillance mode, sampling cloud volumes of Rayleigh scatterers where reflectivity is proportional to the sixth moment of the size distribution of equivalent spheres. The CloudSat radar provides enhanced sensitivity to smaller cloud ice crystals aloft, as well as consistent vertical profiles along each orbit. However, CloudSat reflectivity signatures are complicated somewhat by resonant Mie scattering effects and significant attenuation in the presence of cloud or rain water. Here, both radar systems are applied to a case of light to moderate snowfall within the warm frontal zone of a cold season, synoptic scale storm. Radars allow for an evaluation of the accuracy of a single-moment scheme in replicating precipitation structures, based on the bulk statistical properties of precipitation as suggested by reflectivity signatures.
Language:
English
Notes:
89th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting/American Meteorological Society (AMS) Phoenix, AZ 15-19 Jan. 2009

47-03 MICROMETEOROLOGY
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Cassini/Huygens Probe Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) at Titan Independent Technical Assessment
Document ID:
20090022173
Report #:
NASA/TM-2009-215732, NESC-RP-05-67/04-069-I, L-19670, LF99-8787
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A06 Copyright
Author(s):
Powell, Richard W. (NASA Langley Research Center) Lockwood, Mary Kae (NASA Langley Research Center) Cruz, Juan R. (NASA Langley Research Center) Striepe, Scott A. (NASA Langley Research Center) Sutton, Kenneth (NASA Langley Research Center) Fisher, Jody (NASA Langley Research Center) Takashima, Naruhisa T. (NASA Langley Research Center) Justus, Jere (Morgan Research Corp.) Keller, Vernon W. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Bose, Deepak (Eloret Corp.) Prabhu, Dinesh (Eloret Corp.) Chen, Y. K. (NASA Ames Research Center) Olejniczak, Joe (NASA Ames Research Center) Cruz, Juan R (NASA Ames Research Center) Duvall, Aleta (Morgan Research Corp.)
Published:
20090501
Source:
NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, VA, United States)
Pages:
121
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Starting in January 2004, the NESC has received several communications from knowledgeable technical experts at NASA expressing shared concerns (mainly at the Langley Research Center (LaRC) and Ames Research Center (ARC)) about Huygens mission success. It was suggested that NASA become more technically involved directly in the analysis of Huygens' entry, descent and landing (EDL) focusing on the parachute deployment trigger performance and the resultant effects on the operation of the parachute system, and the determination of the radiative heating environment at Titan by ESA and the corresponding thermal protection system (TPS) response. A NESC Team was formed and tasked to provide an independent assessment of these concerns. The results of that assessment are documented in this report.
Language:
English

Title:
RT-MATRIX: Measuring Total Organic Carbon by Photocatalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds
Document ID:
20090022211
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Journal:
John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report, Page: 122-123
Published:
20080303
Source:
NASA Kennedy Space Center (Cocoa Beach, FL, United States) Dynamac Corp. (Cocoa Beach, FL, United States) Delaware Univ. (DE, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inevitably accumulate in enclosed habitats such as the International Space Station and the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) as a result of human metabolism, material off-gassing, and leaking equipment. Some VOCs can negatively affect the quality of the crew's life, health, and performance; and consequently, the success of the mission. Air quality must be closely monitored to ensure a safe living and working environment. Currently, there is no reliable air quality monitoring system that meets NASA's stringent requirements for power, mass, volume, or performance. The ultimate objective of the project -- the development of a Real-Time, Miniaturized, Autonomous Total Risk Indicator System (RT.MATRIX).is to provide a portable, dual-function sensing system that simultaneously determines total organic carbon (TOC) and individual contaminants in air streams.
Language:
English

47-04 CLOUD RESEARCH
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

47-05 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

48-01 WATER RESOURCES AND OCEANOGRAPHY
Jun 28, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
RESOLVE Projects: Lunar Water Resource Demonstration and Regolith Volatile Characterization
Document ID:
20090022232
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Journal:
John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report, Page: 36-37
Published:
20080303
Source:
NASA Kennedy Space Center (Cocoa Beach, FL, United States) ASRC Aerospace Corp. (United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
To sustain affordable human and robotic space exploration, the ability to live off the land at the exploration site will be essential. NASA calls this ability in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and is focusing on finding ways to sustain missions first on the Moon and then on Mars. The ISRU project aims to develop capabilities to technology readiness level 6 for the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program and early human missions returning to the Moon. NASA is concentrating on three primary areas of ISRU: (1) excavating, handling, and moving lunar regolith, (2) extracting oxygen from lunar regolith, and (3) finding, characterizing, extracting, separating, and storing volatile lunar resources, especially in the permanently shadowed polar craters. To meet the challenges related to technology development for these three primary focus areas, the Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE) project was initiated in February 2005, through funding by the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. RESOLVE's objectives are to develop requirements and conceptual designs and to perform breadboard concept verification testing of each experiment module. The final goal is to deliver a flight prototype unit that has been tested in a relevant lunar polar environment. Here we report progress toward the third primary area creating ways to find, characterize, extract, separate, and store volatile lunar resources. The tasks include studying thermal, chemical, and electrical ways to collect such volatile resources as hydrogen, water, nitrogen, methane, and ammonia. We approached this effort through two subtasks: lunar water resource demonstration (LWRD) and regolith volatile characterization (RVC).
Language:
English