SCAN_43-01

43-01 EARTH RESOURCES
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Evaluating the Impact of Land Use Change on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Stressors in Mobile Bay
Document ID:
20090038176
Report #:
M09-0611
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Al-Hamdan, Mohammad (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Estes, Maurice G., Jr. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Quattrochi, Dale (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Thom, Ronald (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Woodruff, Dana (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Judd, Chaeli (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Ellis, Jean (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Watson, Brian (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Rodriquez, Hugo (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Johnson, Hoyt (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center)
Published:
20090909
Source:
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (Huntsville, AL, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Alabama coastal systems have been subjected to increasing pressure from a variety of activities including urban and rural development, shoreline modifications, industrial activities, and dredging of shipping and navigation channels. The impacts on coastal ecosystems are often observed through the use of indicator species. One such indicator species for aquatic ecosystem health is submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Watershed and hydrodynamic modeling has been performed to evaluate the impact of land use change in Mobile and Baldwin counties on SAV stressors and controlling factors (temperature, salinity, and sediment) in Mobile Bay. Watershed modeling using the Loading Simulation Package in C++ (LSPC) was performed for all watersheds contiguous to Mobile Bay for land use scenarios in 1948, 1992, 2001, and 2030. Landsat-derived National Land Cover Data (NLCD) were used in the 1992 and 2001 simulations after having been reclassified to a common classification scheme. The Prescott Spatial Growth Model was used to project the 2030 land use scenario based on current trends. The LSPC model simulations provided output on changes in flow, temperature, and sediment for 22 discharge points into the Bay. Theses results were inputted in the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code (EFDC) hydrodynamic model to generate data on changes in temperature, salinity, and sediment on a grid with four vertical profiles throughout Mobile Bay. The changes in the aquatic ecosystem were used to perform an ecological analysis to evaluate the impact on SAV habitat suitability. This is the key product benefiting the Mobile Bay coastal environmental managers that integrates the influences of temperature, salinity, and sediment due to land use driven flow changes with the restoration potential of SAVs.
Language:
English
Notes:
23rd Alabama Water Resources Conference and AWRA Symposium Orange Beach, AL 9-11 Sep. 2009

Title:
The Case for Enceladus Science
Document ID:
20090038687
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Hurford, T. A. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Helfenstein, P. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Nimmo, F. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Vance, S. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Buratti, B. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Published:
20091004
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Enceladus has taken its place as one of the most remarkable moons in the solar system. When Voyager encountered Enceladus it was noted that its surface showed signs of recent activity with the observations of a large province, which was characterized by smooth sparsely cratered terrain. Even the heavily cratered areas of Enceladus showed a lower crater density than other Saturnian satellites. Moreover, its extraordinarily high albedo hinted at past cryovolcanic resurfacing events. Ground-based observations further demonstrated that Saturn's diffuse E-ring is concentrated at the orbit of EnceladLis, making the moon, the likely source of E-ring particles. However the short estimated lifetime of E-ring particles requires that new particles must constantly be fed to the Ering, implying more recent activity on Enceladus. Recently, in 2005 the Cassini spacecraft provided definitive proof that Enceladus is currently geologically active when multiple Cassini instruments detected plumes of gas and ice particles emanating from a series of warm fractures centered on the south pole, dubbed the "tiger stripes." Enceladus is the second cryovolcanically active icy satellite that has been identified (Triton is the only other known active icy satellite) and can be used to study active processes that are thought to have once played a role in shaping the surfaces of other icy satellites. These processes include tidal heating, cryovolcanism, and ice tectonism, which all can be studied as they currently happen on Enceladus, Moreover, the plume source region on Enceladus samples a warm, chemically rich, environment that may facilitate complex organic chemistry and biological processes. For these reasons, Enceladus science is highly relevant to NASA's goals.
Language:
English
Notes:
41st annual meeting of the Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society Fajardo 4-10 Oct. 2009

Title:
Estimation of Sea Ice Thickness Distributions through the Combination of Snow Depth and Satellite Laser Altimetry Data
Document ID:
20090038693
Report #:
None
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090038693
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A04 Copyright
Author(s):
Kurtz, Nathan T. (Maryland Univ. Baltimore County) Markus, Thorsten (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Cavalieri, Donald J. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Sparling, Lynn C. (Maryland Univ. Baltimore County) Krabill, William B. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Gasiewski, Albin J. (Colorado Univ.) Sonntag, John G. (EG and G Technical Services, Inc.)
Published:
20090724
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
53
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Combinations of sea ice freeboard and snow depth measurements from satellite data have the potential to provide a means to derive global sea ice thickness values. However, large differences in spatial coverage and resolution between the measurements lead to uncertainties when combining the data. High resolution airborne laser altimeter retrievals of snow-ice freeboard and passive microwave retrievals of snow depth taken in March 2006 provide insight into the spatial variability of these quantities as well as optimal methods for combining high resolution satellite altimeter measurements with low resolution snow depth data. The aircraft measurements show a relationship between freeboard and snow depth for thin ice allowing the development of a method for estimating sea ice thickness from satellite laser altimetry data at their full spatial resolution. This method is used to estimate snow and ice thicknesses for the Arctic basin through the combination of freeboard data from ICESat, snow depth data over first-year ice from AMSR-E, and snow depth over multiyear ice from climatological data. Due to the non-linear dependence of heat flux on ice thickness, the impact on heat flux calculations when maintaining the full resolution of the ICESat data for ice thickness estimates is explored for typical winter conditions. Calculations of the basin-wide mean heat flux and ice growth rate using snow and ice thickness values at the 70 m spatial resolution of ICESat are found to be approximately one-third higher than those calculated from 25 km mean ice thickness values.
Language:
English
Notes:
To be published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Title:
Five-Year (2004-2009)Observations of Upper Tropospheric Water Vapor and Cloud Ice from MLS and Comparisons with GEOS-5 Analyses
Document ID:
20090038709
Report #:
None
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090038709
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A03 Copyright
Author(s):
Jiang, Jonathan H. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Su, Hui (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Pawson, Steven (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Liu, Hui-Chun (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Read, William (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Waters, Joe W. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Santee, Michelle (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Wu, Dong L. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Schwartz, Michael (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Lambert, Alyn (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Fuller, Ryan (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Lee, Jae N. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Livesey, Nathaniel (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.)
Published:
20090101
Source:
Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. (Pasadena, CA, United States)
Pages:
38
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
This paper gives an overview of August 2004 through July 2009 upper tropospheric (UT) water vapor (H2O) and ice water content (IWC) from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and comparisons with outputs from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS-5) data assimilation system. Both MLS and GEOS-5 show that high values of H2O and IWC at 215 to 147 hPa are associated with areas of deep convection. They exhibit good (within approximately 15%) agreement in IWC at these altitudes, but GEOS-5 H2O is approximately 50% (215 hPa) to approximately 30% (147 hPa) larger than MLS, possibility due to its higher temperatures at these altitudes. GOES-5 produces a weaker intertropical convergence zone than MLS, while a seasonally-migrating band of tropical deep convection is clearly evident in both the MLS and GEOS-5 UT H2O and IWC. MLS and GEOS-5 both show spatial anti-correlation between IWC and H2O at 100 hPa, where less H2O is associated with low temperatures in regions of tropical convection. At 100 hPa, GEOS-5 produces 50% less IWC and 15% less H2O in the tropics, and approximately 20% more H2O in the extra-tropics, than does MLS. Behavior of the 100 hPa H2O, which exhibits a quasi-biennial oscillation, appears consistent with it being controlled by temperature. The seasonal cycle in the vertical transport of tropical mean H2O from approximately 147 hPa to approximately 10 hPa appears much stronger in MLS than in GEOS-5. The UT IWC and H2O interannual variations, from both MLS and GEOS-5, show clear imprints of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation.
Language:
English
Notes:
To be published in Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres

Title:
The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) Mission
Document ID:
20090038719
Report #:
None
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090038719
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A03 Copyright
Author(s):
Entekhabi, Dara (Massachusetts Inst. of Tech.) Nijoku, Eni G. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) ONeill, Peggy E. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Kellogg, Kent H. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Crow, Wade T. (Universities Space Research Association) Edelstein, Wendy N. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Entin, Jared K. (NASA) Goodman, Shawn D. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Jackson, Thomas J. (Universities Space Research Association) Johnson, Joel (Ohio State Univ.) Kimball, John (Montana Univ.) Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Koster, Randal D. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) McDonald, Kyle C. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Moghaddam, Mahta (Michigan Univ.) Moran, Susan (Universities Space Research Association) Reichle, Rolf (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Shi, J. C. (California Univ.) Spencer, Michael W. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Thurman, Samuel W. (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.) Tsang, Leung (Washington Univ.) VanZyl, Jakob (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
21
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) Mission is one of the first Earth observation satellites being developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council s Decadal Survey. SMAP will make global measurements of the moisture present at Earth's land surface and will distinguish frozen from thawed land surfaces. Direct observations of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space will allow significantly improved estimates of water, energy and carbon transfers between land and atmosphere. Soil moisture measurements are also of great importance in assessing flooding and monitoring drought. SMAP observations can help mitigate these natural hazards, resulting in potentially great economic and social benefits. SMAP soil moisture and freeze/thaw timing observations will also reduce a major uncertainty in quantifying the global carbon balance by helping to resolve an apparent missing carbon sink on land over the boreal latitudes. The SMAP mission concept would utilize an L-band radar and radiometer. These instruments will share a rotating 6-meter mesh reflector antenna to provide high-resolution and high-accuracy global maps of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state every two to three days. The SMAP instruments provide direct measurements of surface conditions. In addition, the SMAP project will use these observations with advanced modeling and data assimilation to provide deeper root-zone soil moisture and estimates of land surface-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon. SMAP is scheduled for a 2014 launch date
Language:
English
Notes:
Submitted to Proceedings of the IEEE

43-02 GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
The Lunar Mapping and Modeling Project
Document ID:
20090037679
Report #:
M09-0751
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090037679
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 No Copyright
Author(s):
Noble, Sarah K. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) French, R. A. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Nall, M. E. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Muery, K. G. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center)
Published:
20091116
Source:
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (Huntsville, AL, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The Lunar Mapping and Modeling Project (LMMP) has been created to manage the development of a suite of lunar mapping and modeling products that support the Constellation Program (CxP) and other lunar exploration activities, including the planning, design, development, test and operations associated with lunar sortie missions, crewed and robotic operations on the surface, and the establishment of a lunar outpost. The information provided through LMMP will assist CxP in: planning tasks in the areas of landing site evaluation and selection, design and placement of landers and other stationary assets, design of rovers and other mobile assets, developing terrain-relative navigation (TRN) capabilities, and assessment and planning of science traverses.
Language:
English
Notes:
Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Meeting Houston, TX 16-19 Nov. 2009

Title:
Precision Navigation Using Pre-Georegistered Map Data
Document ID:
20090038370
Report #:
AD-A506527, AFIT/GE/ENG/09-54
Sales Agency:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No Copyright
Author(s):
Webber, Frederick C
Published:
20090910
Source:
Air Force Inst. of Tech. (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH United States)
Pages:
118
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Navigation performance in small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is adversely affected by limitations in current sensor technology for small, lightweight sensors. Because most UAVs are equipped with cameras for mission-related purposes, it is advantageous to utilize the camera to improve the navigation solution. This research improves navigation by matching camera images to a priori georegistered image data and combining this update with existing image-aided navigation technology. The georegistration matching is done by projecting the images into the same plane, extracting features using the techniques Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF). The features are matched using the Random Scale and Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, which generates a model to transform feature locations from one image to another. In addition to matching the image taken by the UAV to the stored images, the effect of matching the images after transforming one to the perspective of the other is investigated. One of the chief advantages of this method is the ability to provide both an absolute position and attitude update.
Language:
English

44-01 ENERGY RESOURCES
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Wind Energy and Air Emission Reduction Benefits: A Primer
Document ID:
20090038196
Report #:
DE2008-924640, NREL/SR-500-42616
Sales Agency:
Department of Energy Information Bridge No Copyright
Author(s):
Jacobson, D. High, C.
Published:
20080201
Source:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (Golden, CO United States)
Pages:
44
Contract #:
AC36-99-GO10337
Abstract:
This document provides a summary of the impact of wind energy development on various air pollutants for a general audience. The core document addresses the key facts relating to the analysis of emission reductions from wind energy development. It is intended for use by a wide variety of parties with an interest in this issue, ranging from state environmental officials to renewable energy stakeholders. The appendices provide basic background information for the general reader, as well as detailed information for those seeking a more in-depth discussion of various topics.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Production Cost Modeling for High Levels of Photovoltaics Penetration
Document ID:
20090038198
Report #:
DE2008-924642, NREL/TP-581-42305
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Milford, J. Margolis, R. Denholm, P.
Published:
20080201
Source:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (Golden, CO United States)
Pages:
51
Contract #:
AC36-99-GO10337
Abstract:
The goal of this report is to evaluate the likely avoided generation, fuels, and emissions resulting from photovoltaics (PV) deployment in several U.S. locations and identify new tools, methods, and analysis to improve understanding of PV impacts at the grid level.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Rooftop Photovoltaics Market Penetration Scenarios
Document ID:
20090038199
Report #:
DE2008-924645, NREL/SR-581-42306
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Paidipati, J. Frantzis, L. Kurrasch, A.
Published:
20080201
Source:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (Golden, CO United States)
Pages:
106
Contract #:
AC36-99-GO10337
Abstract:
The goal of this study was to model the market penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) in the United States under a variety of scenarios, on a state-by-state basis, from 2007 to 2015.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Photovoltaics Business Models
Document ID:
20090038200
Report #:
DE2008-924651, NREL/SR-581-42304
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Frantzis, L. Graham, S. Sawyer, H.
Published:
20080201
Source:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (Golden, CO United States)
Pages:
98
Contract #:
AC36-99-GO10337
Abstract:
This report summarizes work to better understand the structure of future photovoltaics business models and the research, development, and demonstration required to support their deployment.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Russian Energy Policy Toward Neighboring Countries
Document ID:
20090038265
Report #:
AD-A506412, CRS-RL34261
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA506412
Sales Agency:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No Copyright
Author(s):
Woehrel, Steven
Published:
20090902
Source:
LoTEC, Inc. (Salt Lake City, UT United States)
Pages:
26
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Russian oil and natural gas industries have become key players in the global energy market, particularly in Europe and Eurasia. Another trend has been the concentration of these industries in the hands of the Russian government. This latter phenomenon has been accompanied by an authoritarian political system, in which former intelligence officers play key roles. Russian firms have tried to purchase a controlling stake in pipelines, ports, storage facilities, and other key energy assets of the countries of central and eastern Europe. They need these assets to transport energy supplies to lucrative western European markets, as well as to secure greater control over the domestic markets of the countries of the region. In several cases where assets were sold to non-Russian firms, Russian firms cut off energy supplies to the facilities. Russia has also tried to build new pipelines to circumvent infrastructure that it does not control. Another objective Russia has pursued has been to eliminate the energy subsidies former Soviet republics have received since the fall of the Soviet Union, including by raising the price these countries pay for natural gas to world market prices. It is not completely clear whether the pursuit of Russian foreign policy objectives is the primary explanation for the actions of its energy firms. Few would disagree in principle that the elimination of subsidies to post-Soviet countries is a sound business decision, even if questions have been raised about the timing of such moves. Even the pursuit of multiple pipelines can be portrayed as a business decision. On the other hand, many countries of the region are concerned that Russia may use their energy dependency to interfere in their domestic affairs or to force them to make foreign policy concessions.
Language:
English

Title:
A Strategy for American Power: Energy, Climate and National Security
Document ID:
20090038400
Report #:
AD-A506646
Sales Agency:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No Copyright
Author(s):
Burke, Sharon Parthemore, Christine Busby, John Matthews, Christine Jaffe, Amy M Furman, Jason
Published:
20080601
Source:
Center for a New American Security (Washington, DC United States)
Pages:
133
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The United States is engaged in a new war, and it is a war like no other in our history. Today, we are at war with the gas pump and the power plant - and the gas pump and the power plant, for the most part, are winning. These strange foes can be explained in a handful of numbers: 22 million : Barrels of oil Americans consume every day. 60 percent : U.S. oil demand met by imports. 96 percent : Cars on U.S. roads that rely on oil products. Two-thirds: Global oil reserves in the Middle East. 46 percent : Forecast increase in global oil demand by 2030. 50 percent : U.S. electricity that comes from coal-fired power plants. 200 years: How long America's coal reserves would last at current rates of consumption. 70 percent : Growth of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions between 1970 and 2004. 70 -90 percent : Approximate greenhouse gas emissions the United States would have to cut in the next 40 years to avoid the worst effects of climate change. These numbers add up to a tremendous vulnerability. The United States is dependent on geopolitically problematic and polluting oil, and the most likely substitute, coal-fired electricity, is even worse for the Earth's climate, with grave implications for future national security.
Language:
English

Title:
Energy Market and Economic Impacts of H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009
Document ID:
20090038475
Report #:
PB2009-114500, SR/OIAF/2009-05
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Published:
20090801
Source:
Energy Information Administration (Washington, DC, United States)
Pages:
81
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
This report responds to a request to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) from Chairman Henry Waxman and Chairman Edward Markey for an analysis of H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (ACESA).1 ACESA, as passed by the House of Representatives on June 26, 2009, is a complex bill that regulates emissions of greenhouse gases through market-based mechanisms, efficiency programs, and economic incentives.
Language:
English

Title:
Remote Diagnostic Measurements of Hall Thruster Plumes
Document ID:
20090038646
Report #:
AD-A506281, AFRL-RZ-ED-TP-2009-312
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA506281
Sales Agency:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No Copyright
Author(s):
Fernell, Casey C. (Plasma Controls, LLC) Brown, Daniel L. (Air Force Research Lab.) Willis, Garret (Air Force Research Lab.) Branam, Richard (Air Force Research Lab.) Williams, John D. (Colorado State Univ.)
Published:
20090814
Source:
Air Force Research Lab. (Edwards AFB, CA United States)
Pages:
29
Contract #:
FA9300-08-M-3007
Abstract:
This paper describes measurements of Hall thruster plumes that characterize ion energy distributions and charge state fractions using remotely located plasma diagnostics. Plume measurements were performed using electrostatic analyzers (ESAs) and ExB probes from Plasma Controls, LLC on ion and plasma sources at Colorado State University (CSU) and Hall thrusters operated at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Data are presented from ion source testing at CSU that demonstrated the performance of ESA and ExB probes to characterize energy and charge state. Next, energy and charge state measurements are described from testing of a 200 W Hall thruster at AFIT. Measurements showed variation in the ion energy distribution with changes in thruster power and an increase in the fractions of multiply charged ions with increasing azimuthal position. Finally, ExB probe charge state measurements are presented from a 6-kW laboratory Hall thruster operated at low discharge voltage levels at AFRL/RZSS. Like the 200 W Hall thruster measurements at AFIT, results from the 6-kW Hall thruster showed an increase in the fractions of multiply charged ions with increasing azimuthal position.
Language:
English
Notes:
For presentation at the International Electric Propulsion Conference (31st), IEPC-2009-031, to be held in Ann Arbor, MI, on 20-24 Sep 2009. Prepared in cooperation with Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). Prepared in collaboration with University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Plasma Controls, LLC, Fort Collins, CO; and Colorado State University 31st International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC-2009-031) Ann Arbor, MI 20-24 Sep. 2009

Title:
Geologic Sequestration of CO2 in Deep, Unmineable Coalbeds: An Integrated Research and Commercial-Scale Field Demonstration Project
Document ID:
20090038775
Report #:
DE2009-952463
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Reeves, S. Koperna, G.
Published:
20080930
Source:
Advanced Resources International (Houston, TX, United States)
Pages:
26
Contract #:
DE-FC26-00NT40924
Abstract:
The Coal-Seq consortium is a government-industry collaborative consortium with the objective of advancing industry's understanding of complex coalbed methane and gas shale reservoir behavior in the presence of multi-component gases via laboratory experiments, theoretical model development and field validation studies. This will allow primary recovery, enhanced recovery and CO(sub 2) sequestration operations to be commercially enhanced and/or economically deployed. The project was initially launched in 2000 as a U.S. Department of Energy sponsored investigation into CO(sub 2) sequestration in deep, unmineable coalseams. The initial project accomplished a number of important objectives, which mainly revolved around performing baseline experimental studies, documenting and analyzing existing field projects, and establishing a global network for technology exchange. The results from that Phase have been documented in a series of reports which are publicly available. An important outcome of the initial phase was that serious limitations were uncovered in our knowledge of reservoir behavior when CO(sub 2) is injected into coal. To address these limitations, the project was extended in 2005 as a government-industry collaborative consortium. Selected accomplishments from this phase have included the identification and/or development of new models for multi-component sorption and diffusion, laboratory studies of coal geomechanical and permeability behavior with CO(sub 2) injection, additional field validation studies, and continued global technology exchange.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Feasibility Study: Using a Solar Evaporator to Reduce the Metalworking Fluid (MWF) Waste Stream
Document ID:
20090038780
Report #:
DE2009-952478, KCP-613-8522
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Lazarus, L.
Published:
20081203
Source:
Kansas City Plant (Kansas City, MO, United States)
Pages:
35
Contract #:
DE-AC04-01AL66850
Abstract:
A solar evaporator was designed, built, and operated to reduce the water-based metalworking fluid waste stream. The evaporator was setup in Waste Management's barrel lot inside one of the confinement areas. The unit processed three batches of waste fluid during the prototype testing. Initial tests removed 13% of the fluid waste stream. Subsequent modifications to the collector improved the rate to almost 20% per week. Evaluation of the risk during operation showed that even a small spill when associated with precipitation, and the unit placement within a confinement area, gave it the potential to contaminate more fluid that what it could save.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Technical Review Report for the Model 9978-96 Package Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (S-SARP-G-00002, Revision 1, March 2009)
Document ID:
20090038805
Report #:
DE2009-952093, LLNL-TR-411987
Sales Agency:
Department of Energy Information Bridge No Copyright
Author(s):
West, M.
Published:
20090408
Source:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (Livermore, CA United States)
Pages:
116
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
This Technical Review Report (TRR) documents the review, performed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Staff, at the request of the Department of Energy (DOE), on the 'Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP), Model 9978 B(M)F-96', Revision 1, March 2009 (S-SARP-G-00002). The Model 9978 Package complies with 10 CFR 71, and with 'Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material-1996 Edition (As Amended, 2000)-Safety Requirements', International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safety Standards Series No. TS-R-1. The Model 9978 Packaging is designed, analyzed, fabricated, and tested in accordance with Section III of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME B&PVC). The review presented in this TRR was performed using the methods outlined in Revision 3 of the DOE's 'Packaging Review Guide (PRG) for Reviewing Safety Analysis Reports for Packages'.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Summary Report: Direct Approaches for Recycling Carbon Dioxide into Synthetic Fuel
Document ID:
20090038811
Report #:
DE2009-952162, SAND2009-0399
Sales Agency:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No Copyright
Author(s):
Miller, J. E. Evans, L. R. Siegel, N. P. Diver, R. B. Gelbard, F.
Published:
20090101
Source:
Sandia National Labs. (Albuquerque, NM United States) National Nuclear Security Administration (Las Vegas, NV, United States) Lockheed Martin Corp. (Falls Church, VA, United States)
Pages:
41
Contract #:
DE-AC04-94AL85000
Abstract:
The consumption of petroleum by the transportation sector in the United States is roughly equivalent to petroleum imports into the country, which have totaled over 12 million barrels a day every year since 2004. This reliance on foreign oil is a strategic vulnerability for the economy and national security. Further, the effect of unmitigated CO2 releases on the global climate is a growing concern both here and abroad. Independence from problematic oil producers can be achieved to a great degree through the utilization of non-conventional hydrocarbon resources such as coal, oil-shale and tarsands. However, tapping into and converting these resources into liquid fuels exacerbates green house gas (GHG) emissions as they are carbon rich, but hydrogen deficient. Revolutionary thinking about energy and fuels must be adopted. We must recognize that hydrocarbon fuels are ideal energy carriers, but not primary energy sources. The energy stored in a chemical fuel is released for utilization by oxidation. In the case of hydrogen fuel the chemical product is water; in the case of a hydrocarbon fuel, water and carbon dioxide are produced. The hydrogen economy envisions a cycle in which H2O is re-energized by splitting water into H2 and O2, by electrolysis for example. We envision a hydrocarbon analogy in which both carbon dioxide and water are re-energized through the application of a persistent energy source (e.g. solar or nuclear). This is of course essentially what the process of photosynthesis accomplishes, albeit with a relatively low sunlight-to-hydrocarbon efficiency. The goal of this project then was the creation of a direct and efficient process for the solar or nuclear driven thermochemical conversion of CO2 to CO (and O2), one of the basic building blocks of synthetic fuels. This process would potentially provide the basis for an alternate hydrocarbon economy that is carbon neutral, provides a pathway to energy independence, and is compatible with much of the existing fuel infrastructure.
Language:
English
Notes:
Prepared in cooperation with National Nuclear Security Administration, Las Vegas, NV. and Lockheed Martin Corp., Falls Church, VA. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Carbon Dioxide Separation Technology: R and D Need for the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries
Document ID:
20090038820
Report #:
PB2008-109431
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A07 No Copyright
Author(s):
Ritter, J. A. (Oak Ridge National Lab.) Ebner, A. D. (Oak Ridge National Lab.)
Published:
20080101
Source:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (TN United States)
Pages:
147
Contract #:
DE-AC05-00OR22725
Abstract:
A Chemical Industry Vision 2020 sub-committee was established in June 2004 and chartered with the responsibility of identifying research and development needs for separation technology to drive equilibrium processes for the Chemical and Petrochemical Industry. This report, the second in a series, is designed to summarize and present recommendations for improved CO2 separation technology for industrial processes. The first report on hydrogen manufacture and separation has been published as a review article and as a DOE report. This report provides an overview of (1) the principal CO2 producing processes, (2) the current commercial separation technologies and (3) emerging adsorption and membrane technologies for CO2 separation, and makes recommendations for future research. Current industrial practices are summarized with the use of flow sheets. The overall goal of this review is to foster the development of new adsorption, absorption, and membrane technologies to improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. This study focuses on the chemical and petrochemical industries. The need for improving the energy intensive separation processes involving CO2 are well recognized. The U.S. Department of Energy has shown that the separation of CO2 represents 75% of the overall cost associated with its separation, storage, transport, and sequestration. The growing concern about global warming is placing greater demand on improving energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

Title:
Design of the NIF Cryogenic Target System. Fusion Science and Technology
Document ID:
20090038826
Report #:
PB2009-115568, LLNL-JRNL-404974
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A02 No Copyright
Author(s):
Gibson, C. Baltz, J. Malsbury, T. Atkinson, D. Brugmann, V.
Published:
20080627
Source:
General Atomics Co. (San Diego, CA United States) Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (Livermore, CA United States)
Pages:
8
Contract #:
DE-AC03-95SF20732
Abstract:
The United States Department of Energy has embarked on a campaign to conduct credible fusion ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2010. The target assembly specified for this campaign requires the formation of a deuterium/tritium (DT) fuel ice layer in a 2 mm diameter capsule at the center of a 9 mm long by 5 mm diameter cylinder, called a hohlraum. The ice layer must be formed and maintained at temperatures below 20 K. At laser shot time, the target is positioned at the center of the NIF target chamber, aligned to the laser beams and held stable to less than 7 um rms. We have completed the final design of the Cryogenic Target System and are integrating the devices necessary to create, characterize and position the cryogenic target for ignition experiments. These designs, with supporting analysis and prototype test results, will be presented.
Language:
English
Notes:
Prepared in cooperation with Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

44-02 FUEL CELLS AND CHEMICAL BATTERIES
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

44-03 SOLAR SPACE POWER
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Fabrication of High-Performance Polymer Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells by Interfacial Modifications I
Document ID:
20090038384
Report #:
AD-A506584
Sales Agency:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No Copyright
Author(s):
Tzung-Fang, Guo Wen, Ten-Chin
Published:
20090430
Source:
National Cheng Kung Univ. (Tainan, Taiwan, Province of China)
Pages:
64
Contract #:
FA4869-08-1-4076
Abstract:
This research investigated three primary tasks for fabrication of high performance polymer-bulk-heterojunction solar cells: understanding the unique organic oxide/Al interfacial properties, use of SPDPA polymer as an effective junction buffer layer, and studies of the giant magneto photo-conductance effect on them.
Language:
English

44-04 NUCLEAR AUXILIARY POWER
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

45-01 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Development and Demonstration of an Aerosol Tracer Technique Based on Neutron Activation Analysis for Studying Cyclical Deposition and Re-Suspension of Aerosols from Surfaces
Document ID:
20090037610
Report #:
PB2008-107922
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A04 No Copyright
Author(s):
Stolzenbach, K. D.
Published:
20080201
Source:
California State Air Resources Board (Sacramento, CA United States)
Pages:
64
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
A particle tracer methodology based on the use of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) to detect concentrations of rare earth elements sorbed to porous silica particles appears to be a promising technique for studying the transport of aerosols and resuspended particulates and the consequent effects on air and water quality and human health. Following an investigation of alternative techniques for labeling, deploying, and recovering the tracer, the feasibility of the NAA methodology was investigated in field experiments designed to measure the resuspension of particles by wind and the resulting deposition on downwind surfaces. All of the basic components of the NAA tracer performed as expected, including the ability of the technique to distinguish between the transport of silica of different sizes labeled with different rare earths. Measured particle resuspension was characterized by rapid initial loss of tracer when first exposed to wind, by a persistent level of tracer sequestered from resuspension, and by almost no dependence on meteorological conditions. The detection of deposited tracer material diluted during transport in the air was severely limited by the level of rare earth labeling achieved in the silica and by higher than expected background levels of rare earth concentrations in silica, sample vials, and natural particulates. The result of this study suggest that the NAA tracer technique can be applied quantitatively at reasonable cost per sample in field scale studies, but that the method is primarily useful in studying particle resuspension from surfaces. The results of the study also indicate that resuspension of particles in the size range used in this study (10 approximately 60 (Mu)m) is significant relative to rates of redeposition and that such particles are highly mobile.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by California Univ., Los Angeles. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Title:
Development of Advanced Modeling Tools for Hotpot Analysis of Transportation Emissions
Document ID:
20090038191
Report #:
PB2009-111534
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A03 No Copyright
Author(s):
Zhang, K. M. Gao, O.
Published:
20090701
Source:
Cornell Univ. (Ithaca, NY, United States)
Pages:
25
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Hot-spot analysis, also known as project-level assesses of transportation emissions on local air pollution of carbon monoxide (CO), air-toxics and particulate matter (PM), it is required for regional transportation plans (RTP), transportation improvement programs (TIP) and transportation project development/modification by transportation conformity rules and NEPA process. Such transportation conformity studies are particularly important in non-attainment areas and locales with concentrated and heavily traveled transportation infrastructures (e.g., major transportation corridors, border crossings, congested intersections, etc.). Gaussian plume dispersion models of line sources such as CALINE4 have been widely used in quantitatve hot-spot analysis of CO from transportation sources and have proven successful in modeling inert gaseous pollutants such as CO with sound scientific basis satisfying empirical accuracy. However, the current hotspot analysis modeling tools used by the transportation management community are not capable of simulating the air quality impact of complex roadway network in typical network in typical urban environments and not treating explicitly the various turbulent mixing processes near roadways. Those limitations hinder the accurate assessment of environmental and health impacts of transportation emissions.
Language:
English
Notes:
Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Sponsored by University Transportation Research Center, Region 2, City College of New York, NY.

Title:
Risk-Based Criteria to Support Validation of Detection Methods for Drinking Water and Air
Document ID:
20090038192
Report #:
DE2009-956923, EPA/600/R-09/021
Sales Agency:
Department of Energy Information Bridge No Copyright
Author(s):
MacDonell, M. Bhattacharyya, M. Finster, M. Picel, K.
Published:
20081001
Source:
Argonne National Lab. (IL United States) Environmental Protection Agency (Cincinnati, OH, United States)
Pages:
100
Contract #:
DE-AC05-76RL-01830
Abstract:
This report was prepared to support the validation of analytical methods for threat contaminants under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) program. It is designed to serve as a resource for certain applications of benchmark and fate information for homeland security threat contaminants. The report identifies risk-based criteria from existing health benchmarks for drinking water and air for potential use as validation targets. The focus is on benchmarks for chronic public exposures. The priority sources are standard EPA concentration limits for drinking water and air, along with oral and inhalation toxicity values. Many contaminants identified as homeland security threats to drinking water or air would convert to other chemicals within minutes to hours of being released. For this reason, a fate analysis has been performed to identify potential transformation products and removal half-lives in air and water so appropriate forms can be targeted for detection over time. The risk-based criteria presented in this report to frame method validation are expected to be lower than actual operational targets based on realistic exposures following a release. Note that many target criteria provided in this report are taken from available benchmarks without assessing the underlying toxicological details. That is, although the relevance of the chemical form and analogues are evaluated, the toxicological interpretations and extrapolations conducted by the authoring organizations are not. It is also important to emphasize that such targets in the current analysis are not health-based advisory levels to guide homeland security responses. This integrated evaluation of chronic public benchmarks and contaminant fate has identified more than 200 risk-based criteria as method validation targets across numerous contaminants and fate products in drinking water and air combined.
Language:
English
Notes:
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. National Homeland Security Research Center. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Title:
Field-Scale Evaluation of Monitored Natural Attenuation for Dissolved Chlorinated Solvent Plumes
Document ID:
20090038275
Report #:
AD-A506445
Available Online:
http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA506445
Sales Agency:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No Copyright
Author(s):
(Author(s) Not Available)
Published:
20090401
Source:
Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. (Denver, CO United States)
Pages:
455
Contract #:
F41624-00-D-8024
Abstract:
The methodology, case-study examples, and recommendations described in this report are intended to provide restoration program managers, their support staff, and the regulatory community with descriptions of methods and tools that can be used to advance the state-of-practice for monitoring and documenting the long-term sustainability of monitored natural attenuation (MNA)-based remedies for chlorinated solvent-impacted groundwater. Specifically, this report 1) presents a strategy and framework for quantitatively assessing the sustainability of MNA-based remedies for groundwater at chlorinated solvent-impacted sites, 2) provides case-study reviews using existing long-term monitoring (LTM) data sets from multiple United States Air Force sites where chlorinated solvents exceed closure criteria, and 3) summarizes observations and recommendations that were developed when working through the case-study examples.
Language:
English

Title:
Update to the NARAC NNPP Non-Reactor Source Term Products
Document ID:
20090038797
Report #:
PB2009-115585, LLNL-TR-414385
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A01 No Copyright
Author(s):
Vogt, P. J.
Published:
20090701
Source:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (Livermore, CA United States)
Pages:
4
Contract #:
DE-AC52-07NA27344
Abstract:
Implementation of the non-reactor source terms in February 2009 included four plots, the traditional three instantaneous plots (1-3) and a new Gamma Dose Rate: (1) Particulate Air Concentration, (2) Total Ground Deposition, (3) Whole Body Inhalation Dose Rate (CEDE Rate), and (4) Gamma Dose Rate. These plots were all initially implemented to be instantaneous output and generated 30 minutes after the release time.
Language:
English
Notes:
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

46-01 UPPER EARTH ATMOSPHERE
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Relating OGO-5 H(+) Plasmapause Transitions to Mid-Latitude Topside-Ionospheric Signatures
Document ID:
20090038131
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Truhlik, Vladimir (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) Benson, Robert F. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Bilitza, Dieter (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Grebowsky, Joseph M. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Wang, Yongli (Maryland Univ. Baltimore County)
Published:
20091213
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Plasmapause transitions, as seen in the H + and He+ density gradients measured by the Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 (OGO 5) ion spectrometer [Sharp, IEE Trans. in Geosci. Elect., 1969], have been investigated in an attempt to relate them to their topside ionospheric signatures as seen in the Alouette-1 & 2 and ISIS-1 data. The satellite data were obtained from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC). A search of the OGO-5 data revealed 54 sharp plasmapause crossings as evaluated from the H+ density. The ionospheric footprints (at 1400 km altitude) of the magnetic-field lines through the locations of these plasmapause crossings were then used to search for topside ionospheric electron-density profiles from the NSSDC. No profiles corresponding to these projections were identified. A similar search of the topside-sounder 35-mm ionogram-film database, however, identified 17 cases of candidate "conjunctions" involving Alouette l & 2 and ISIS 1. We will present samples of the plasmapause OGO-5 ion transitions and the related topside ionospheric signatures and discuss the observations in relation to the recent similar study based on Explorer-45 and ISIS-2 data [Grebowsky et al., JASTP, 2009].
Language:
English
Notes:
American Geophysical Union 12228-10ST 2009 Fall AGU Conference San Francisco, CA 13-19 Dec. 2009

Title:
High-Altitude High-Latitude Electron-Density and Magnetic-Field Enhancements Observed during Magnetic Storms - Including the Storm of 17 April 2002
Document ID:
20090038134
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources No Copyright
Author(s):
Benson, Robert F. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Bilitza, Dieter (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Grebowsky, Joseph M. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Truhlik, Vladimir (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) Wang, Yongli (Maryland Univ. Baltimore County) Reinisch, Bodo W. (Massachusetts Univ.)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
In addition to the spectacular remote measurements from the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite [Burch, Space Sci. Rev., 2003], the Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) on IMAGE had the capability of making accurate magnetospheric local electron-density and magnetic-field determinations in addition to obtaining remote electron-density profiles [Reinisch et al., GRL, 2001; Benson et al., JGR, 2003]. These determinations were made using interleaved passive and active modes of operation of the RPI; the former were used to produce dynamic spectra and the latter to produce plasmagrams during active sounding. The plasmagrams of particular interest in this investigation were produced during the apogee (8 RE) portion of the IMAGE orbit when the RPI often operated in a high-resolution mode (300 Hz frequency steps) designed for accurate frequency measurements of sounder-stimulated plasma resonances. Here we present examples from 2001 and 2002, when the IMAGE apogee was at high latitudes, of large increase the electron density and magnetic-field intensity (relative to quiet control conditions) during magnetic storms. During the 17 April 2002 storm, the electron density increased by about a factor of 4 and the magnetic-field intensity increased by nearly a factor of 2. During the much larger storm of 31 March 2001, the RPI data presented in Osherovich et al. [2007] indicates that the electron density increased by about a factor of 10.
Language:
English
Notes:
12228-10-ST 2009 Fall AGU Conference San Francisco, CA 13-19 Dec. 2009

Title:
Investigating Changes in the High-Latitude Topside Ionosphere During Large Magnetic Storms
Document ID:
20090038179
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Fainberg, Joseph (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Benson, Robert F. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Osherovich, Vladimir (Catholic Univ. of America) Truhlik, Vladimir (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) Wang, Yongli (Maryland Univ. Baltimore County) Fung, Shing (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Bilitza, Dieter (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Published:
20091213
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
A search was conducted to locate periods of nearly simultaneous solar-wind and high latitude topside-ionospheric data during magnetic storms. The focus was on the 20-yr interval from 1965 to 1985 when both solar-wind and Alouette/ISIS topside-sounder data are potentially available. The search yielded 125 large magnetic storms (minimum Dst less than 100) and 280 moderate magnetic storms (minimum Dst between -60 and -100). Solar wind data were available for most, but not all, of these storms. A search of the available high-latitude topside electron-density Ne(h) profiles available from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), both from manual inspection of 35-mm film ionograms in the 1960s and more recent auto-processing of ISIS-2 topside digital ionograms using the TOPIST software, during 9-day intervals associated with the 125 large magnetic storm minimum Dst times yielded the following results: 31 intervals had 10 or more manual-scaled profiles (21 intervals had more than 100 profiles and 5 of these had more than 1,000 profiles), and 34 intervals had 10 or more TOPIST profiles (2 intervals had more than 100 profiles). In addition, a search of the available Alouette-2, ISIS-1 and ISIS-2 digital ionograms during the above periods has yielded encouraging initial results in that many ISIS-1 ionograms were found for the early time intervals. Future work will include the search for 35-mm film ionograms during selected intervals. This presentation will illustrate the results of this investigation to date.
Language:
English
Notes:
12228-10-ST 2009 Fall AGU Conference San Francisco, CA 13-19 Dec. 2009

Title:
The Role of Flux Transfer Events in Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling
Document ID:
20090038185
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources No Copyright
Author(s):
Dorelli, John C. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Recent global MHD simulations of Flux Transfer Events (FTE's)[Dorelli and Bhattachar ee, JGR, 114, 2009] demonstrate that they are topologically complex flux ropes which extend large distances away from the subsolar magnetopause. Thus, FTE's represent a significant perturbation to the magnetopause magnetic field topology. Specifically, prior to the formation of the first FTE of the simulation, the dayside magnetopause has a relatively simple topology consisting of a single magnetic separator draping northward (even for southward IMF) over the dayside magnetopause (in a manner similar to the "overdraping" which occurs under northward IMF conditions). After the first FTE forms, however, the magnetopause becomes topologically more complex, consisting of multiple separators and braided flux domains. One consequence of this topological complexity is that open flux tubes have direct access to the magnetosphere near the subsolar region (such direct access is not possible during steady separator reconnection). Since the magnetopause topology affects the mapping of the solar wind electric field to the magnetosphere, an interesting question arises: What is the effect of FTE generation on the global magnetospheric convection pattern? In this talk, we address this question by exploring the differences between magnetospheric and ionospheric convection before and after the formation of the first FTE of the simulation.
Language:
English
Notes:
2009 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting San Francisco, CA 12-20 Dec. 2009

Title:
The Magnetospheric Multiscale Missions Fast Plasma Investigations Dual Electron Spectrometer Development
Document ID:
20090038669
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Shappirio, M. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Adrian, M. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Aulleti, C. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Avanov, L. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Barrie, A. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Chornay, D. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Moore, T. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Rosnack, T. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Tucker, C. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) is designed to examine magnetic reconnection that occurs on both the Earths dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail region on Earths night side. In order to resolve fine structures of the three dimensional electron distributions in both regions, the Fast Plasma Investigation's (FPI) Dual Electron Spectrometer (DES) is designed to measure electron distributions with a time resolution of 30 ms. In order to achieve this unprecedented sampling rate, the DES will have eight individual spectrometers each sampling 180 x 45 degree sections of the sky. Because of the field of view limitations of top hat analyzers, each spectrometer will use electro-static deflectors to change its look direction. The engineering model of the DES has been fabricated and tested. We will present the results of measurements for fields of view, angular FVVHM responses, dE/E, analyzer constant, and geometric factors for all deflection states. We will compare these results to simulation results and discuss causes of the response variations.
Language:
English
Notes:
2009 AGU Fall Meeting San Francisco, CA 14-18 Dec. 2009

46-02 GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
The Habitat Demonstration Unit System Integration
Document ID:
20090037661
Report #:
JSC-CN-19096
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Kennedy, Kriss J. (NASA Johnson Space Center) Gill, Tracy (NASA Kennedy Space Center) Tri, Terry (NASA Johnson Space Center) Howe, Scott (Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Johnson Space Center (Houston, TX, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The Lunar Surface System Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) will require the project team to integrate a variety of contributions from NASA centers and potential outside collaborators and poses a challenge in integrating these disparate efforts into a cohesive architecture. To accomplish the development of the HDU from conception in June 2009 to rollout for operations in July 2010, the HDU team is using several strategies to mitigate risks and bring the separate efforts together. First, a set of design standards is being developed to define the interfaces between the various systems of HDU and to the payloads, such as the Geology Lab, that those systems will support. Scheduled activities such as early fit-checks and the utilization of a Habitat avionics test bed prior to equipment installation into HDU. A coordinated effort to establish simplified Computer Aided Design standards and the utilization of a modeling and simulation systems will aid in design and integration concept development. Finally, decision processes on the shell development including the assembly sequence and the transportation have been fleshed out early on HDU to maximize the efficiency of both integration and field operations.
Language:
English
Notes:
Earth and Space 2010 Honolulu, HI 14-17 Mar. 2010

46-03 GEOMAGNETISM
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Plasmaspheric Plumes: Occurrence Frequency and Quantification using Magnetospheric State Vector
Document ID:
20090038670
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Adrian, Mark L. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Fung, S. F. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Pinkerton, J. C. (Montgomery Blair High School) Gallagher, D. L. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
1
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Plasmaspheric drainage plumes appear in the aftermath of periods of enhanced convection/erosion and are interpreted as a near-equatorial signature of the redistribution of thermal plasma along streamlines. Analysis of IMAGE/EUV observations reveals that for Kp >3, there is an 84% probability of observing a plasmaspheric plume in EUV data. We present a statistical analysis of the geomagnetic conditions [Kp, Dst, and solar wind-induced electric field] associated with EUV plume observations. Additionally, statistical analysis of the a solar wind-induced convection electric field at Earth [Ey,sm] associated with EUV plume observations are presented. These results are then used to specify a single magnetospheric state vector to define the configuration of magnetosphere associated with the formation of this major plasmaspheric structure.
Language:
English
Notes:
2009 AGU Fall Meeting San Francisco, CA 14-18 Dec. 2009

47-01 METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

No records are available for this topic on this date.

47-02 WEATHER FORECASTING
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Evaluation of Forecasted Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus in the NCAR, GFDL and ECMWF Models. Journal of Climate
Document ID:
20090038394
Report #:
PB2009-115291, LLNL-JRNL-400730
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A03 No Copyright
Author(s):
Hannay, C. Williamson, D. L. Hack, J. J. Kiehl, J. G. Olson, G.
Published:
20080125
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (Boulder, CO United States) Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (Livermore, CA United States) Washington Univ. (Seattle, WA, United States) European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Reading (United Kingdom)
Pages:
46
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
We examine forecasts of Southeast Pacific stratocumulus at 20S and 85W during the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) cruise of October 2001 with the ECMWF model, the Atmospheric Model (AM) from GFDL, the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) from NCAR, and the CAM with a revised atmospheric boundary layer formulation from the University of Washington (CAM-UW). The forecasts are initialized from ECMWF analyses and each model is run for 3 days to determine the differences with the EPIC field data. Observations during the EPIC cruise show a stable and well-mixed boundary layer under a sharp inversion. The inversion height and the cloud layer have a strong and regular diurnal cycle. A key problem common to the four models is that the forecasted planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is too low when compared to EPIC observations. All the models produce a strong diurnal cycle in the Liquid Water Path (LWP) but there are large differences in the amplitude and the phase compared to the EPIC observations.
Language:
English
Notes:
Prepared in cooperation with Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA., Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences. and European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England. Sponsored by National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

47-03 MICROMETEOROLOGY
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Comparison of Anomalies and Trends of OLR as Observed by CERES and Computed from Geophysical Parameters Derived from Analysis of AIRS/AMSU Data
Document ID:
20090038183
Report #:
None
Sales Agency:
Other Sources Copyright
Author(s):
Susskind, Joel (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) Molnar, Gyula I. (Maryland Univ. Baltimore County)
Published:
20090101
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, MD, United States)
Pages:
2
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
Anomalies and trends of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) serve as important indicators of climate change. Several satellite based instruments currently provide information related to OLR. CERES, on board the EOS Aqua and Terra satellites, contains broad band radiometers that measure total flux and short-wave flux, from which OLR is determined. AIRS is a high spectral resolution IR sounder on EOS Aqua that measures IR radiances covering most of the spectral interval 650 cm-1 to 2670 cm-1. These observations enable the determination of detailed information about atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles, as well as surface skin temperatures and cloud parameters. The AIRS OLR product is the total flux over the spectral interval 2 cm-1 to2750 cm-1 computed for the surface and atmospheric state determined from AIRS observations. We compared spatial anomalies and trends of OLR, over the seven year period September 2002 through August 2009, as observed by CERES and computed using Version 5 AIRS products. These two sets of OLR anomalies and trends, obtained in very different ways, agree with each other almost perfectly in essentially every detail. This important finding shows that a very stable high spectral infra-red sounder such as AIRS corroborates the anomalies and trends of OLR obtained from CERES. More significantly, anomalies and trends of the individual geophysical parameters derived from AIRS explain the detailed causes of the anomalies and trends of CERES OLR. Both sets of results show that global mean OLR has been decreasing at a rate of 0.12 W/m2/yr over the seven year time period under study. Both also confirm that the primary cause of this is due to changes in the tropics, in which OLR has been decreasing at a rate of 0.27 W/m2/yr. AIRS products show that the decrease of tropical OLR is a result of increasing tropical atmospheric water vapor and cloud cover over the time period studied, which in turn is responding to a very strong E1 Nino/ La Nina cycle. Equatorial ocean temperatures between 160E and 120W cooled considerably during this time period, with corresponding local decreases in mid-tropospheric humidity and cloud cover, resulting in increases in local OLR. This was more than compensated by substantial increases in water vapor and cloud cover elsewhere in the tropics, resulting in a net decrease in tropical OLR.
Language:
English
Notes:
2009 AGU Fall Meeting San Francisco, CA 14-18 Dec. 2009

47-04 CLOUD RESEARCH
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Lightning: NASA vs. Mother Nature
Document ID:
20090038704
Report #:
M09-0743
Sales Agency:
CASI CD-ROM C01 No Copyright
Author(s):
Jones, Steven R. (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center)
Published:
20090915
Source:
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (Huntsville, AL, United States)
Pages:
--
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
No abstract available
Language:
English
Notes:
International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity Pittsfield, MA 15-17 Sep. 2009

47-05 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

48-01 WATER RESOURCES AND OCEANOGRAPHY
Nov 22, 2009 -- Additions to the NASA scientific and technical information knowledge base

Title:
Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment
Document ID:
20090038386
Report #:
PB2009-115292, LLNL-JRNL-401869
Sales Agency:
CASI Hardcopy A05 No Copyright
Author(s):
Klein, S. McCoy, R. Morrison, H. Ackerman, A. Avramov, A.
Published:
20080303
Source:
California Univ. (Berkeley, CA, United States)
Pages:
80
Contract #:
None
Abstract:
The treatment of clouds continues to be a highly challenging aspect of climate and weather modeling. The parameterization of Arctic clouds has been especially difficult, given the paucity of observations in the region. However, several field programs in recent years have begun to address this deficiency, including the 1994 Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment, 1997-1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment, the 1998 First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment Arctic Clouds Experiment, and the ongoing ARM program site operating near Barrow, Alaska. A major finding from these experiments was the observed frequency and persistence of 12 supercooled liquid water and mixed-phase stratiform clouds throughout the year. In contrast to 14 mid-latitude cloud systems, there is little temperature dependence for the amount of 15 liquid versus ice in Arctic mixed-phase clouds. These clouds may contain one or more thin liquid layers embedded within a deep cloud that extends from near the surface into the middle and upper troposphere.
Language:
English